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4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge

4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge The reasons for encoding data and the problems associated with encoding. Starter: Examples. What are the codes used for and where have you seen examples of their use? 10/12/76 M or F L23 5TA 01519307766 90-12-45 LPL, MAN, LGW, LHR GB, F CH, D

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4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge

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  1. 4.1.1 Data, Information & Knowledge The reasons for encoding data and the problems associated with encoding.

  2. Starter: Examples What are the codes used for and where have you seen examples of their use? • 10/12/76 • M or F • L23 5TA • 01519307766 • 90-12-45 • LPL, MAN, LGW, LHR • GB, F CH, D (5 mins - Pairs)

  3. Why is data often coded?

  4. Main: Encoding Data Information is entered as Data - Stored in a coded form GB = Great Britain D = Germany IRL = Ireland CH = Switzerland LHR = London Heathrow MAN = Manchester RHO = Rhodes Can you think of 1 more example? S = Small M = Medium L = Large XL = Extra Large

  5. Main: Encoding DataSome data can be easy to understand when it is coded what about the following?S11ict6 S11ipd35 A11ipa12SK12PI SO4-6YE TR32WBLPF07AKH CE60KJH

  6. Task: Advantages/ Disadvantages of Coding In a group of 3 complete a table to show 4 advantages and disadvantages of encoding Data. (5 mins)

  7. Task: Advantages/ Disadvantages of Coding

  8. Main: Why code Data? Using the following advantages you need to EXPLAIN why each of them is an advantage and how it works? Speeding up data entry Increase accuracy of data Use of validation Less storage space required Faster searching for data

  9. Main: Problems associated with encoding Data in • The user needs a list of the valid codes and their meanings to use the system. • Encoding data coarsens precision (encoded data is less accurate then the data from which it came). Pink Blue Black Blue Stored data

  10. Main: Example • E.g. Descriptions of criminals on a police computer systems might include the eye colour of the criminal Blue = BL Brown = BR Green = GR Grey = GY • What if the criminal has blue/green eyes?

  11. Main: Value Judgements • A value judgementis a judgement made by an individual person. • Encoding data often involves the person collecting/entering the data making judgements about which code to use.

  12. Main: Value Judgements Example Here are the heights of 5 people: Mohammed 5ft 5 inches Chloe 4ft 11 inches James 6ft 6 inches Asia 5ft 9 inches Courtney 5ft 0 inches • Imagine the problems if you had different people deciding which of the following height codes they should go in: T = Tall M= Medium S = Short

  13. Main: Value Judgements Example An Internet researcher called Clive has to give websites a star grading (from 1 to 5 stars), based on how user friendly he thinks they are. Cliveta, might review the same websites and give completely different ratings based on her own judging criteria. What will happen to the websites rating?

  14. Task: Value Judgements In 3s try to think of another example where data may be encoded, but this may cause problems with value judgements? (5 mins)

  15. Are value judgements needed for the person entering the following data: a person’s date of birth, a baby’s weight at birth, a person’s intelligence (low, medium, high), road conditions (poor, average, good), number of sick days taken this year, the current VAT rate. Main: Value Judgement

  16. Main: Exam question • Data is often coded before being entered into a computer. This saves time typing in the data. • Give two other advantages of encoding data before entering it into a computer. (2) (b)Encoding value judgements from a questionnaire can often lead to inaccurate results. Explain with the use of two appropriate examples why this may happen. (2x2) (10 mins – individually)

  17. Main: Swap Swap your answer with another person and make notes on what they have answered well and what they could do to improve. (5 mins)

  18. Plenary: Exam style questions Think of an exam style question and answer it with your own marking scheme

  19. Extension: The following subjects are taken at GCSE at Grange Hill School: Maths, Further Maths, History, English Language, English Literature, science, Cookery, ICT, PE, Chemistry, Biology, Law, Physics, Design Technology, Graphics Products, Media Studies, Spanish, French The school uses a computer system to store information about students and each student has a record that shows their timetable. At the moment each students takes around 9 GCSE subjects and the subjects are typed in for each student. This is a very time-consuming job. You have been asked by the deputy to come up with a simple coding system for the above subjects. You will need to bear in mind that there are classes in years 11, 12 and 13 who can take any combinations of the subjects. Produce your coding system and clearly EXPLAIN how it works. You should also outline the advantages that your coding system offers>

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