Southwest Asia The Middle East

1. Southwest Asia The Middle East FSMS 7th Grade Social Studies; Unit 2 Change (U. S. Involvement) September 24th – 26nd; Days 20 - 21 Georgia Standard SS7H2(d)

2. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Standard SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. (d) Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia; include the Persian Gulf conflict, invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.

3. FIRST FIVE AGENDA:Before school tutoring tomorrow, Tuesday starting at 7:30a-8:10. Social Studies CDA I is Wednesday! Standard:The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Monday; 9/24/12:What caused the “Persian Gulf War” also known as “Operation Desert Storm”? Warm Up: Place the following in historical order. Creation of Israel by the United Nations in 1948, Zionism, Partition creates Palestine, Holocaust, Diaspora, Anti-Semitism, Ottoman Empire, TODAY WE WILL • Review Practice Test • Start the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the war in Afghanistan. • Pop Quiz Creation of the Modern State of Israel

4. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S. Presence and Interest The United States has had significant political and economic interests in Southwest Asia for over 200 years. Vast supplies of oil are found in this area, oil that is critical to United States energy and economic needs. Since the end of World War I, the United States has played an important role in diplomacy following the break-up of the Ottoman Empire.

5. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest The U.S. support for the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 also focused attention on this part of the world.

6. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to control Kuwait’s large oil reserves. The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, claimed that Kuwait was taking more than they were allowed from shared oil fields. He also claimed that when the Ottoman Empire was broken-up at the end of World War I, the area that became Kuwait should have been part of Iraq.

7. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. The creation of the country of Iraq in 1920 meant that Iraq no longer had any coastline on the Persian Gulf. The United States was concerned about the invasion of Kuwait because the United States gets a large percentage of its imported oil from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

8. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Kuwait belonged to the United Nations, a world organization that will come to the aid of any member nation that is attacked without cause by another country. The United Nations voted to raise a military force to liberate Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion.

9. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United States sent a large number of troops to be part of this United Nations military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory. This effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or Operation Desert Storm.

10. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 1991 Iraq War cont. Thirty-nine countries joined in and within three months, by February 1991, the Iraqi government accepted a truce and agreed to withdraw from Kuwait.

11. FIRST FIVE AGENDA:Social Studies CDA is tomorrow, Wednesday, September 26th. After-school tutoring tomorrow 4-5p. Standard:The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Tuesday; 9/25/12:What caused the “War on Terror” in Afghanistan? Warm Up:What is the United State’s #1 economic interest in maintaining stability in SWA? TODAY WE WILL: • Finish the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the War on Terror in Afghanistan. • Pop Quiz on Religions of SWA

12. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. The War on Terror The terrorist group, al-Qaeda, carried out the 9/11 attacks on New York. Osama bin Laden led al-Qaeda and was the mastermind behind the attacks. Al-Qaeda’s interpretation of Islam calls for expelling foreigners from the holy lands. It also seeks to overthrow corrupt governments in Southwest Asia.

13. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. The War on Terror cont. To accomplish these goals, al-Qaeda also calls for the destruction of any government it feels supports these corrupt countries. Among the nations it hopes to destroy are Israel and the United States, among others.

14. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. The War on Terror cont. As a response to 9/11, President Bush declared a U.S. War on Terror. Bush stated that the United States would go after foreign terrorists rather than waiting for them to attack again.

15. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Terrorism in the Middle East Because SWA is filled with so much religious and political history, people there are very passionate about their beliefs. Sometimes people can take these beliefs to harmful extremes.

16. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Terrorism in the Middle East Terrorist groups are extremist people who believe in something so much, they are willing to use violence to achieve their goal. Terrorism is a large problem in Southwest Asia.

17. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Terrorism in the Middle East Here are some of the most dangerous terrorist groups. • Al Qaeda (Afghanistan) • Al-Jihad (Egypt) • Abu Nidal Organization (Iraq) • Kach and Kahane Chai (Israel) • Hezbollah (Lebanon)

18. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Terrorism in the Middle East Al Qaeda: Its goals are to create Islamic governments all over the world and to get rid of western influences in Muslim countries. Al-Jihad: Its goal is to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state.

19. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Terrorism in the Middle East Abu Nidal Organization: Its goal is to create a Palestinian state in place of Israel. Kach and Kahane Chai: Its goal is to restore the Israelite state as described in the Bible. Hezbollah: Its goal is to gain power in Lebanon to oppose Israel & Middle East peace agreements.

20. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Afghanistan War Intelligence sources identified an organization known as Al-Qaeda, or the Force, as the group of terrorists that planned and carried out the attack on the Twin Towers on 9/11. Its leader, Osama bin-Laden, was born in Saudi Arabia. His family was very wealthy and he used his money to finance this organization.

21. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Afghanistan War cont. One of the aims of Al-Qaeda is to bring about an end to western influence in the Middle East. Intelligence sources in the United States government believed that the radical Muslim government of Afghanistan, the Taliban, allowed Al-Qaeda to hide in the mountains of their country.

22. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Afghanistan War cont. The United States launched a series of attacks on these mountain hideouts in October 2001 in an attempt to capture bin-Laden and destroy his organization. United States troops were also sent in and the Afghanistan government of the Taliban collapsed.

23. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Afghanistan War cont. Since 2001, the United States military have continued fighting in Afghanistan in an attempt to find and destroy The Al-Qaeda organization. The United States is also working to help the people of Afghanistan reorganize their government.

24. FIRST FIVE AGENDA: CDA delayed one-day until tomorrow, Thursday, September 27th. Standard:The U.S. military presence in SWA including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. E.Q. Wednesday; 9/26/12:Who were the religious and ethnic groups who continued fighting each other after the end of the 2nd Iraq War? Warm Up:Who is the group called al-Qaeda? TODAY WE WILL: • Finish the history of the War on Terror in Afghanistan. • CDA Review

25. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 2nd Iraq War In 2003, the United States launched an invasion of Iraq, after claiming that the Iraqi government led by Saddam Hussein, was developing nuclear weapons (weapons of mass destruction or WMD) and offering aid to groups like Al-Qaeda. The United States called this 2nd Iraq military action “Operation Iraqi Freedom”.

26. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. 2nd Iraq War The government of Saddam Hussein collapsed quickly because many of the Iraqis also felt he was a cruel leader. However, problems followed as the United States did not have a plan ready to help reorganize and rebuild the country once the old government was gone.

27. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings U.S Presence and Interest cont. Iraq War cont. American forces remained in Iraq until 2011, trying to stop the fighting between; • Religious groups (Sunni and Shia), and • Ethnic groups (Arabs and Kurds) who are competing with each other for power as they try to organize a new government.