Southwest Asia The Middle East

1. Southwest Asia The Middle East FSMS 7th Grade Social Studies; Units 2 Ottoman Empire & Establishment of Modern State of Israel Georgia Standard SS7H2(a.b)

2. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Standard-1 SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. (a) Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict.

3. FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: 5th & 7th Periods Ethnic & Religious Groups Quiz is tomorrow. Use your Worksheets (2) as Study Guides. Before-school tutoring starts tomorrow Tuesday, September 17th from 7:30a to 8:10. CDA 1 is September 26th. Standard: “Explain” how European partitioning in the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict. E.Q. Monday, September 16, 2013: How did the break-up of the Ottoman Empire lead to regional conflict? Warm Up: What is GDP? Today We Will: • Show How to Find the School’s Website • Homework Complete last week’s E.Q.’s & Warm Ups from Website (September 9th - 13th) • The break up of the Ottoman Empire

4. E.Q. Answer for Monday, September 16th: Previously the Ottoman Empire was an area that was open and fluid for purposes of travel and trade. After the break-up of the Ottoman Empire and its partitioning the new countries had tightly controlled borders ignoring local cultures and disrupting tribal unity. Warm-Up Answer: The total value of goods and services produced within a country in a given year and converted to U.S. dollars for comparison.

5. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 The Ottoman Empire controlled much of the area known as Turkey, Southwest Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe from the 1300’s until the end of World War I (1924). At its most powerful in the 1500’s, the Ottoman Empire’s capital was the city of Istanbul.

6. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. By the start of World War I in 1914 the Ottoman Empire had been weakened by suffering seven straight loses in several costly wars. When World War I began, the Ottoman Empire decided to join forces with ultimately the losing side. As a result of losing World War I the Ottoman Empire was overthrown and dismantled.

7. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. The Peace Treaty Conference after World War I was held in San Remo, Italy and the treaty that was announced in 1920, was called the San Remo Agreement. The former Ottoman Empire was partitioned (divided) into several new countries by the existing European nations.

8. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. The countries that were created by this agreement are part of what is known today as the modern Middle East or Southwest Asia. These countries included Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Palestine and Afghanistan among others.

9. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. When the European politicians created the San Remo Agreement, they decided where boundaries of these new countries would be located. In doing so they often paid little attention to the ethnic and religious groups who were already living in the areas. Some of these groups had been enemies for generations.

10. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. The new boundaries that were drawn did not take into consideration the concept of nationalism . (Nationalism: The idea that countries are most successful if the people who live there share some common cultural, historic, or religious beliefs).

11. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings The Ottoman Empire in 1914 cont. As a result, many different groups who had no cultural ties, or in the worse case, groups who were life-long enemies were forced to live together in one country. This has led to ongoing conflicts or wars.

12. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Standard-2 SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. (b) Explain the historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948; include the Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and Zionism in Europe.

13. FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: 5th & 7th Periods Ethnic & Religious Groups Quiz is TODAY!Homework assignment Chapter 21, “What Were They Thinking” (handout) due Thursday, 9/19/13. CDA 1 Study Guide goes home today for next week’s test on September 26th. Standard:Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Tuesday, September 17, 2013: What did the group called Zionist want to achieve? Warm Up: Much of modern day SWA was part of what Empire? Today We Will: • Review Chapter 21”What were they thinking” homework

14. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings E.Q. Answer for Tuesday, September 17th: Zionism or Zionists are people who believe in the idea or concept of the Jews having a homeland in the lands originally known as Israel in the Torah and the Bible. Warm-Up Answer: The Ottoman Empire

15. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Establishment of the Modern State of Israel One of the areas created from the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I was Palestine. Palestine was important to Jews, Christians, and Muslims because this is where much of what is written in the Old and New Testaments, and the Quran took place.

16. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. There are many religious sites in Palestine sacred to all three religions. Most of these important sites are in Jerusalem , (i.e. the Dome of the Rock, the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and the Wailing Wall).

17. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. The British were given the responsibility for ruling in Palestine until a decision could be made about how to establish a permanent government there. Most of the people living in Palestine before World War II were Palestinian Arabs. However, since the late 1800’s large numbers of Jewish settlers had been immigrating to the area from both Western and Eastern Europe.

18. FIRST FIVE Agenda Message: Homework assignment Chapter 22, “Israel Brand New Country” (handout) due Friday, 9/20/13. CDA 1 is next Thursday 9/26/13. Study Guides go home tomorrow! Standard:Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Wednesday, September 18, 2013: What is anti-Semitism? Warm Up: What ethnic group lived in Palestine before it became Israel? Today We Will: • Review Historical Understanding homework, Chapter 21; “What Were They Thinking?”

19. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings E.Q. Answer for Wednesday September 18th: Anti-Semitism is defined as hatred of the Jews simply because they are Jewish. Warm-Up Answer: Palestinian Arabs

20. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. Since the Diaspora many of the early Jewish settlers wanted to create a homeland for the world’s Jews in Palestine. They believed the land in this area had been promised to them by God many thousand of years ago, as told in the stories of the Old Testament.

21. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. These groups were known as Zionistspeople who felt the world’s Jews deserved to return to a homeland in Zion, or those parts of Palestine where the Jewish people had lived in Biblical times). Conflicts began to break out between the Jewish settlers and the Palestinian Arabs, as each group tried to hold on to the land.

22. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. Each religious group felt a special affinity towards the land based upon their belief that it had been given to them by God through the patriarch Abraham

23. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. During World War II, the Jewish people in Europe suffered terribly at the hand of the Nazi government of Germany. There was widespread anti-Semitism (which is hatred of the Jews simply because they practiced the Jewish faith) in Europe.

24. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. Over six million European Jews were killed in concentration camps set up by Germany and many thousands of others had to leave Europe to avoid death. This terrible time came to be known as the Holocaust.

25. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. At the end of the war, the Jewish people of the world wanted to take steps to be sure nothing like this could ever happen again. Many countries around the world felt tremendous guilt over the Holocaust as they began to learn the details of what had gone on in the German-run concentration camps.

26. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. A number of Jewish groups living in Europe and the United States, even before the Holocaust, had talked of trying to set up a homeland for the Jewish people in the region of the Middle East known as Palestine.

27. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. At the end of the war, the newly created United Nations also believed something should be done for the Jewish people because of their suffering. In 1948, the United Nations voted to create a homeland for the Jews in part of Palestine. The Jews who were living there accepted the offer and declared the creation of the State of Israel.

28. FIRST FIVE Agenda Message:CDA 1 one-week from today. Study Guides go home with all students TODAY! Use Your Study Guides to Prepare for Success! Standard:Explain historical reasons for the establishment of the modern State of Israel in 1948 including Jewish religious connections to the land, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism & Zionism in Europe. E.Q. Thursday, September 19, 2013: How did the Palestinian Arabs react when the United Nations created the modern State of Israel in what was formerly Palestine? Warm Up: How was the holocaust instrumental in the creation of the modern State of Israel? Today We Will: • Complete the establishment of the modern State of Israel • Review of Historical Understandings (Ottoman Empire – Israel)

29. The Middle EastHistorical Understandings E.Q. Answer for Thursday, September 19th: War broke out, eventually Israel won the war with the help of the United States and increased its territory. Warm-Up Answer: Many countries felt guilty for what happened to the Jews during the Holocaust and as a result they wanted to do something to help them regain their former homeland.

30. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. However, not everyone was happy with this new state. Palestinian Arabs living in the area felt the United Nations had unfairly given their land away, and they along with many other Arab countries refused to accept the new state.

31. The Middle EastHistorical Understanding Establishment of the Modern State of Israel cont. War broke out in May 1948 between the new state of Israel and the Palestinians. Other Arab countries in the Middle East agreed with the Palestinians and sided with them during this war. The Israelis were able to win this war and the new state of Israel survived, taking over even more land than had originally been planned (i.e. the West Bank).