Drug use and non-use: statistics

1. Drug use and non-use: statistics • The following slides give information on • general drug use statistics and implications • use and non-use across specific substances • tobacco, alcohol, illicit substances • Results of the National Drug Strategy Household survey 2010(Slides courtesy, Paul Dillon, DARTA) http://darta.net.au/ • Results of the 2011 Aust Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug Survey (ASSADS) for SA students • Save the slide presentation onto your computer, then select slides as appropriate to context, being mindful of recognising source/s where possible. (Note: graphics have been removed when not essential to the information. Slides will need formatting.)

2. Costs, drug use • A snapshot • Note: where statistics are old (e.g. slides 3, 4), it is because: • there is no equivalent more recent data and • the data shown remains relevant

3. Drug-related deaths, all ages This graph illustrates the percentage of deaths in Australia caused by drugs types, with tobacco making up almost 90% of drug related deaths, alcohol making up 6% and illicit drugs making up about 5%. Collins D, & Lapsley H. The costs of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug abuse to Australian society in 2004–05.

4. Estimated drug-related deaths, Australia 1998Persons aged 0-34 years Illicits 42.1% 0-14 yrs: 129 15-34 yrs: 1542 Tobacco 5.2% Alcohol 52.8% Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2000 AIHW 2001 JCG:DASC

5. Counting the cost of drug use in Australia • It is estimated that the costs of drug use in Australia 2004-05 was • $56.1 billion dollars, of which: • tobacco accounted for 56% • alcohol 27% • Illicit drugs 15% • $10.8 billion: the tangible cost of alcohol consumption (lost productivity, health care costs, costs related to road accidents and crime (2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey) • In 2004-2005, The Aust. Govt collected over $6.7 billion from the importation and sale of tobacco products. (Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2006, Aust Institute of Health and Welfare.)

6. Illicit drug use:2010 NDHS: Changes in 'recent use' (%) over time2010 National Drug Household Survey %

7. Tobacco, alcohol and cannabisAverage age of initiation of lifetime, people aged 14-24 years, 1995-2010 2010 National Drug Household Survey %

8. Ecstasy, meth/amphetamine, cocaine and hallucinogensAverage age of initiation of lifetime drug use (), people aged 14-24 years, 1995-2010 2010 National Drug Household Survey %

9. Form of drug use thought to be of most serious concern for the general community, people aged 12 years or older, by age and sex, 2010 2010 National Drug Household Survey %

10. Drugs thought to be either directly or indirectly cause the most deaths in Australia, people aged 14 years or older, by age, 20102010 National Drug Household Survey %

11. Tobacco smoking • The leading cause of preventable illness and death in Australia- 8% of the total burden of disease in 2003 and estimated at $31.5 billion in 2004–05. • In 2010, one in seven (15%) Australians aged 14 years or over were daily smokers, and one in four (24%) were ex-smokers.

12. Tobacco smoking, 2010 • More than half the population (59%) had never smoked. • Daily smoking rates have fallen by more than a third over the past two decades, from 24% in 1991. This is largely due to lower rates of smoking among adults aged 24–44 years. http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10737420455

13. Alcohol, 2010 • 78% of Australians 12 years or over had consumed alcohol over the previous year, including 46% who drank at least weekly. • There was a significant decline in daily drinking between 2007 and 2010 (from 8.1% to 7.2% of the population aged 12 years or over). • Most people drank at levels that did not put them at risk of harm.

14. Alcohol, 2010 • 28% of males and 11% of females drank alcohol at levels that put them at risk of alcohol-related harm over their lifetime. • 23% of males and 9% of females consumed alcohol in quantities that put them at risk of alcohol-related injury from a single drinking occasion at least weekly. • An estimated 13.1% of people aged 14 years or older had driven a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol in 2010.

15. Alcohol-related deaths in Australia, 2008(out of 143, 946 total deaths for all reasons) • 52 accidental poisonings from alcohol • 297 deaths frommental and behavioural disorders due to the use of alcohol (3x males than females) • 751 deaths from alcoholic liver disease • Australian Bureau of Statistics (2010) Causes of death, Australia 2008, Canberra: ABS

16. Counting the cost of alcohol use in Australia • The number of people hospitalised for alcohol-related injuries and diseases increased nationally by 34% between 1995-2006. • Victoria jumped 77%, with the cost of alcohol related harm in 2007-2008 being $4.3 billion (National Drug Research Institute, 2009) • Child Protection statistics show 34,000 children are in care nationally. Half of these children have at least one parent with an alcohol problem and 13% of Australian children live in a household with at least one adult is regularlydrunk. • (Prof Dorothy Scott, Uni SA, media release 21 Jan, 2010.)

17. Young people and alcohol: • 1 in 4 hospitalisations of 15-25 year olds happen because of alcohol. • 1 in 2 Australians aged 15–17 who get drunk will do something they regret. • 70 Australians under 25 will be hospitalised due to alcohol-caused assault in an average week. • 4 Australians under 25 die due to alcohol related injuries in an average week. Sources: • Chikritzhs, T. and Pascal, R. (2004). Trends in Youth Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms in Australian Jurisdictions, 1990–2002. Bulletin No. 6. National Drug Research Institute. • Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing (2008). National Youth Alcohol Campaign evaluation research 2000-2002. Unpublished raw data. • Source: National Drug Research Institute (2008). 2004-05 Hospitalisation and morbidity data for Australians aged 0 to 24. Unpublished raw data. • Source: National Drug Research Institute (2008). 2004-05 Hospitalisation and morbidity data for Australians aged 0 to 24. Unpublished raw data.

18. Alcohol and drowning In a horror summer in Australian waters in 2009-2010, 62 people drowned between Christmas Eve, according to Royal Life Saving Society figures. • "Alcohol is still playing a part. There are drownings in backyard pools and males overestimating their ability in the water is another factor." (RLSS research and health promotion manager, Richard Franklin)

19. The health of Australia's prisoners 2010 Reporting on over prisoners over 18 years: • more than 4 in 5 prison entrants was a current smoker; over half report drinking alcohol at risk levels and 2 in 3 had used illicit drugs during the previous 12 months; • 1 in 4 prison entrants had a chronic condition such as asthma, cardiovascular disease or diabetes • almost 1 in 3 prison entrants had ever been told they have a mental health disorder and 1 in 5 prisoners in custody was taking medication for a mental health condition • and more than 1 in 3 prison entrants had not completed Year 10 at school Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010

20. Crime and law enforcement- Australia • In 2005, 1 in 10 prisoners was imprisoned for drug related offences. • 71% of these offences related to cannabis use • In 2003-04, 88% of juvenile detainees had used an illicit substance in the 6 months prior to arrest and 70% were intoxicated at the time of the offence. • Juvenile detainees were 10X more likely than the general youth population to use amphetamine and hallucinogens and 16X more likely to use inhalants. (Statistics on Drug Use in Australia 2006, Aust Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006.)

21. Police (Youth) Drug Diversion Initiative SA • From 2001, police have diverted youth to health assessment and counselling for possession of illicit drugs and paraphernalia • From 2001 to August 2012 , there have been 8,497 youth diversions • 95.2% of the total diversions have been related to cannabis (Drug Diversion statistics) • Schools have played their part in working in partnership with SAPOL, guided by: • DECD policy as set out in Intervention matters policy document (revised 2011) http://www.decs.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy/pages/documents/schoolsaig/ • Making our sites safer: Drugs http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/docs/documents/1/MossDrugs-1.pdf

22. Illicit drug use in Australia, 2010 • 60% of people over 14 years had never used an illicit drug. • 15% had used one or more illicit drugs in the past 12 months. • Cannabis was the most common illicit drug used recently (10.3%) followed by ecstasy (3.0%) and amphetamines and cocaine (each used by 2.1% of people). • Many people who used an illicit drug in 2010 also used other drugs, illicit or licit.

23. Illicit drug use in Australia, 2010 • Around 8% of people in Australia aged 16–85 years have had a drug use disorder in their lifetime. • The social cost of illicit drug use in Australia was estimated at $8.2 billion in 2004–05 (crime, lost productivity and healthcare). • Much of this was caused by hepatitis C, which can be contracted by risky injecting practices.

24. Lifetime illicit drug use (%) - 14 years and over2010 National Drug Household Survey %

25. Never used illicit drugs (%) - 14 years and over2010 National Drug Household Survey %

26. Recent illicit drugs (%) - 14 years and over2010 National Drug Household Survey %

27. Lifetime illicit drug use (%) - 14 years and overComparison 2007-2010 2010 National Drug Household Survey %

28. Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug Survey (ASSADS) 2011

29. Drug use among SA secondary school students: • Information from the SA component of the 2011 Australian Secondary Students’ Alcohol and Drug Survey (ASSADS) • National survey • Conducted every three years across Australia • Approx 3,000 SA students, years 7-12 • Alcohol, tobacco and other substances use • Cancer Council SA in collaboration with Drug and Alcohol Services SA (DASSA) • For a summary: see http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy/files/links/StatBullNo3ASSADNov12_we_1.pdf

30. *change 2008-2011 is significant

33. From 1999-2011 • A 32.4% decrease in students reporting having ever use tobacco; from 52.2% to 19.8% • Reported student cannabis use in the past week has decreased to less than 1/3 of 1999 level (from 11.3% to 3.1%) • There have been significant reduction in illicit drug use (apart from sedative and inhalant use)

34. And alcohol 1999-2011..? • The percentage of students who have consumed alcohol in the past week before the survey has more than halved (from 34.4% to 15.0%=19.4% reduction) • The percentage of students who have never tried alcohol has increased by 13.9%

35. From 2008 to 2011: • Statistically significant decreases in the percentage of students who: • have ever used tobacco • have ever tried alcohol, or consumed it in the previous week • Decreases (from small percentages) in recent use of steroids, inhalants, amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin • Stable use of cannabis, hallucinogens and sedatives

36. Alcohol: most change 2008-2011 to • 13-14 year olds- ever used alcohol • 14, 16 and 17- recent use of alcohol

37. Decrease in alcohol use 1999-2011

38. Decrease in cannabis use 1999-2011

39. Illicit substances overall (includes cannabis) • 17.3 of students have ever used an illicit substance • 18.5% males • 16.1% females • 4.5 % of students have used an illicit substance in the last week • 5.6% males • 3.3% females

40. Illicit drug use 1999-2011- ever used Slide courtesy of DASSA

41. Illicit drug use 1999-2011-used in past week Slide courtesy of DASSA

42. NEVER used drugs: ASSADS (SA) 2011

43. Recent NON-use of drugs: ASSADS (SA) 2011

44. Implications: messages • Most young people do not use drugs! • Less young people use drugs now than in the ‘past.’ • It’s absolutely OK not to drink! • How we think of/define ‘young people’. (Drug use in the 19-25 age group is higher that for students.) • Will the current decrease in student alcohol use influence drinking rates in the future (when they are in their early 20’s)?

45. Additional statistics follow for • tobacco • alcohol • cannabis • ecstasy • pain-killers/analgesics for non-medical purposes • amphetamine

46. Smoking tobacco • Largest single cause of preventable death and disease in Australia • Responsible for almost 90% drug related deaths per year • 50% of smokers who smoke for a long time will die prematurely from tobacco related diseases Smarter than Smoking professional learning module

47. Smarter than Smoking professional learning module

48. The costs of smoking tobacco • Of 1.3 billion smokers alive today, it is estimated that 650million will eventually be killed by tobacco • 5.4million deaths per year globally • Expected to rise to 8million by 2030 (80% in developing countries) • World Health Organisation (WHO) has the theme- "smoke-free environments“ because of the serious harmful effects of second-hand smoke, which include about 600,000 premature deaths per year, numerous crippling illnesses and economic losses in the tens of billions of dollars. Data from QuitSA newsletter, Oct 2008 and WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments

49. South Australians are aware! • 95.8% of all South Australians and 92.7% of SA smokers believe smoking causes illness or damage to the body • 86.5% (77.8% of smokers) agree that passive smoking causes illness or damage • 86.4% support banning of smoking in hotels Data from QuitSA newsletter, Oct 2008

50. Smoking in SA: age groupsGraph courtesy of Tobacco Control Research + Evaluation- a statistical update, DASSA seminar Nov 2010NOTE: reduction in youth smoking rates