World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water

1. World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH (GAW) PROGRAMME Doc 3.2 Dr Deon Terblanche, D/ARE WMO Cg-XVI Tuesday, 24 May, 2011 WMO www.wmo.int

2. GAW MISSION is to • Identify environmental risks to society and meet the requirements of environmental conventions; • Strengthen capabilities of Members to predict climate, weather and air quality; • Contribute to scientific assessments in support of environmental policy. Through: • Maintaining and applying global, long-term observations of the chemical composition and selected physical characteristics of the atmosphere; • Emphasizing quality assurance and quality control; • Delivering integrated products and services of relevance to users.

3. GAW focal areas • Stratospheric Ozone • Greenhouse Gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs) • Reactive Gases (CO, VOC, NOy, SO2,Trop O3) • Precipitation Chemistry • Aerosols (chemical, physical, AOD) • UV Radiation • (Natural Radionuclides, Rn222, Be7,14CO)

4. KEY SUCCESSES Reflected in Report by Secretary-General Doc. 2.2 pp. 16-17, 21, 24-25, 26, 31, 37 and 47. GAW contributes to current ERs 4 (Obs), 5 (WIS), 6 (DRR), 7 (Service), 8 (Partners) and 9 (Capacity) Obs support: LIDAR measurements Eyafjällajökull eruption, validation of SDS-WAS Greenhouse gas observations and analysis of climate-chemistry interactions for evidence-based policy Significant contributions to WMO-UNEP Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion (Montreal Protocol), provision of UV Index Excellent collaboration between developed and developing countries Leading role in establishing AQF worldwide: GURME 4

5. Contributions from Members Central facilities increased in 2008-2011: Central Calibration Laboratories for eight hydrocarbons at the National Physical Laboratory in UK, Stable carbon isotopes in CO2 and molecular hydrogen at the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Germany, SF6 at NOAA/ESRL in USA; GAW Regional UV Calibration Center for Europe at PMOD, Davos, Switzerland; World Calibration Centres for CO2 (audits) at EMPA, Switzerland and for NOx at FZ Jülich, Germany; World Data Centre for Aerosols moved to NILU, Norway, from JRC, EC, Ispra, Italy. Agreement between WMO and BIPM to nominate laboratories for participation in key comparisons GAWTEC training Experts in JSC OPAG EPAC, SAGs and ETs Partner Organizations (UNEP, EMEP EANET, European COST, …) 5

6. Stations as of May 2011(from GAWSIS) Global, Regional and Contributing stations. Closed or inactive stations for which data are available at data centres are denoted with open symbols. Twinning important for station and network development. 6

7. General (3.2.1) GAW Strategic Plans (GSPs) have guided the work since 1993, Addendum to the GSP 2008-2015 contains updated tasks for the period 2012-2015 (available on GAW website at www.wmo.int/gaw). Members and contributing partners are invited to act upon the tasks and thus foster the implementation and success of GAW. 7

8. GAW Observations (3.2.2 – 3.2.4, 3.2.7 – 3.2.8) Need to enhance geographical coverage, measurement suite and three dimensionality Ad-hoc Task Team to review GAW satellite needs NRT data delivery to be enhanced Regarding the nitrogen cycle, support for observations and their analysis is needed Reactive gases New compounds 8

9. Assessments (3.2.6 – 3.2.8) WMO UNEP Ozone Assessments important products, most recent published this year Precipitation SAG and GESAMP assessing deposition from precipitation (3.2.7-3.2.8) These require partnerships, such as with EMEP and EANET, also for assessing regional/global transport of air pollution (3.2.6) 9

10. Climate forcing (3.2.5, 3.2.10, 3.2.11, 3.2.14) Accurate measurements critical in support of carbon mitigation actions (3.2.10) Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone, short lived climate forcers (3.2.5) Short and long lived climate forcers important part of information provision for GFCS (3.2.11) Annual WMO GAW Greenhouse Gas Bulletin an important product (3.2.14) 10

11. Combining different scales and the interaction between climate variability and change and air pollution (3.2.9)

12. CAS FUTURE ORIENTATIONS What are the significant technical, social and environmental stressors which will drive the demand for more accurate and user friendly environmental assessments and predictions? In addition to Climate Change, POPULATION GROWTH AND URBANIZATION

13. Growing Urban Population (Billion)

14. GURME 3.2.15 – 3.2.20 NEW! GURME websitehttp://mce2.org/wmogurme/

15. Megacities (3.2.21) • Need new focus on large urban areas both for meteorological and air quality research → applications → services • Activities should be aimed at: (i) development of strategies for megacities to deal with weather, climate and environmental problems and improvement of related services; (ii) enhancement of environmental monitoring and modelling capabilities; and (iii) establishment of case studies for understanding air pollution, health and climate connections in different types of megacities. • Jointly with PWS and other relevant WMO Programmes (Ref. PWS Doc para 4.1.30)

16. Meteorological services for public health Meteorological measurements (temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, cloud, etc) Heat wave and cold spell forecast UVforecast Ozone forecast UV radiation Haze forecast Atmospheric chemistry observation (O3, NOX, CO, SO2, aerosols) Forecast models Observations Pollen forecast Bacterial Food Poisoning Pollen measurements (open plat method, Microscope filter) Influenza forecast Heat index, Sunstoke, and Diarrhea forecast for EXPO 2010 Bacterial food poisoning, Influenza,Heatstroke, Trauma, Diarrhea diagnostic SporeWatch electronic spore & pollen sampler

17. Resolution 3.2/1 (Cg-XVI) • GAW, including GURME, is one of the high-priority Programmes of WMO • New Resolution, replaces GAW part of the AREP Programme Resolution (Res 14/Cg XV) that is no longer in force. The Res 15/Cg XV on Stratospheric Ozone is kept in force.

18. Compendium projects • Enhancement of GAW observational network geographical and species coverage and quality (Project 4.5.3.58) • Megacities: face multiple weather hazards and air pollution problems, causing health, environmental and economical impacts (GURME) (Project 4.5.3.59) • Improved SDS forecasts and observation products: improve current capabilities and products/services (Project 5.5.3.66) (See Doc. 8.3(2))

19. Related Side Events • Sand and Dust Storm Research (May 25, 13:30-14:30) • Megacities and GURME (May 25, 17:30-18:30) • An urgent, emerging challenge for WMO: Supporting Greenhouse Gas Management Strategies with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis (May 30, 13:30-14:30) Other information sharing: • Table in the Lobby 23-25 May • Rolling presentations in the lobby: • GAW products: Ozone and GHG Bulletins, Volcanic Ash • WMO UNEP Black Carbon and Trop Ozone Assessment • Megacities

20. THANK YOU!