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Wars of the Roses

Wars of the Roses. (1455 – 1485). Wars of the Roses. Civil war fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York Plantagenet royal house The name of wars Badges. Historical backgrounds. Start of the hostility Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster Richard, Duke of York. Henry VI.

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Wars of the Roses

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  1. Wars of the Roses (1455 – 1485)

  2. Wars of the Roses • Civil war fought between the House of Lancaster and the House of York • Plantagenet royal house • The name of wars • Badges

  3. Historical backgrounds • Start of the hostility • Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster • Richard, Duke of York

  4. Henry VI • A weak king , considered incapable • York‘s claim to the throne • 1453 – Henry became insane, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York named a Lord Protector • 1455 – Henry‘s recovery

  5. The initial phase 1455 - 1460 • May, 1455 – The First Battle of St. Albans – a Lancastrian defeat • York was again appointed Protector • York in Ireland • King‘s court at Coventry • Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick • 1459 – York‘s return from Ireland, two battles ( the Battle of Blore Health, the Battle of Ludford Bridge)…Lancastrian back in total control • July, 1460 – the Battle of Northampton – Warwick won

  6. The Act of Accord • Parliament was assembled • York produced detailed genealogies • October, 1460 – the Act of Accord…York recognized as Henry‘s successor

  7. Lancastrian counter - attack • The Act of Accord proved unacceptable for Lancastrian • December, 1460 – the Battle of Wakefield – York‘s army devastated, Richard killed • Richard‘s son Edward became a heir • 1461 – the Second Battle of St. Albans – Warwick‘s army was destroyed

  8. Yorkist triumph • Edward and Warwick entered to London • March, 1461 – the Battle of Towton…the biggest battle, Edward won • June, 1461 – Edward‘s official coronation in London

  9. Resumption of hostilities 1469 - 71 • 1467 – 70 = deterioration in the relationship between King Edward and Warwick • 1469 – Warwick made an alliance with George, brother of Edward • The Battle of Edgecote Moore – Edward captured, but later liberated by his second brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester • Warwick and Margaret of Anjou • 1471 – the Battle of Barnet and the Battle of Tewkesbury

  10. Edward‘s premature death Princes in the Tower Richard, Duke of Gloucester´= King Richard III Lancastrian hopes centered on Henry Tudor 1485 – the Battle of Bosworth Field Henry Tudor became King Henry VII Marriage with Elizabeth of York…he reunited the two royal houses The new emblem of the red and white Tudor Rose Richard III

  11. Consequences • Heavy casualties • The fall of the Plantagenet • The new Tudor dynasty

  12. The House of Lancaster • Dynasty of English kings • John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster • Symbol = a red rose, the country flower of Lancashire (Rosa gallicaofficinalis)

  13. The House of York • A branch of the English royal house of Plantagenet • Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York • Symbol = a white rose

  14. Badge – znak Captivity - zajetí Casualty – oběť Coronation –korunovace Decisive - rozhodující Deterioration – zhoršení Descent – původ Flee – uprchnout Genealogy – rodokmen Intermittent -přerušovaná Overthrow – svrhnout Reversal – zvrat Strengthen - posílit Vocabulary

  15. Thank you for your attention. Kateřina Kusá

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