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Conjugations of Verbs

Conjugations of Verbs. Conjugations. Verbs are grouped into 4 Conjugations 1 st Conjugation: infinitives end in –are 2 nd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ēre 3 rd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ere 4 th Conjugation: infinitives end in -ire. Four Principal Parts.

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Conjugations of Verbs

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  1. Conjugations of Verbs

  2. Conjugations • Verbs are grouped into 4 Conjugations • 1st Conjugation: infinitives end in –are • 2nd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ēre • 3rd Conjugation: infinitives end in –ere • 4th Conjugation: infinitives end in -ire

  3. Four Principal Parts • Most Verbs are listed in Latin Dictionaries with 4 Principal Parts. We will only be concerned with the first 2 parts. • amo, amare- 1st Conjugation • sedeo, sedēre- 2nd Conjugation • lego, legere- 3rd Conjugation • Iacio, iacere- 3rd Conjugation io • dormio, dormire- 4th Conjugation

  4. Building Present Tense Verbs • All Verbs in Latin are made up of two parts: a stem and an ending • we have seen the personal endings for verbs: o, s, t, mus, tis, nt • To build a present tense verb, add these endings to the present stem of the Latin verb • To form the present stem: • remove –re from 2nd principal parts of 1st, 2nd, and 4th Conjugation verbs • remove –o from 3rd Conjugation verbs

  5. Personal Present Tense Endings Add these endings to the stem -i and –u is added for 3rd conjugation verbs -u is added for 3rd io and 4th conjugation verbs

  6. Present Tense amo, amare stem: ama- sedeo, sedēre stem: sede-

  7. lego, legere stem: leg- iacio, iacere stem: iaci- audio, audire stem: audi-

  8. Imperative • Imperative is the MOOD of a Latin Verb used to give COMMANDS The singular imperative can be formed by removing the –re from the 2nd Principal Part of Verbs (infinitives) amare= ama! Love! sedēre= sedē! Sit! legere= lege! Read iacere= iace! Throw! audire= audi! Listen!

  9. Imperative • The plural imperative is formed by adding –(I)TE to the present stem. (I) is for regular 3rd conjugation only • ama+ te= amate= Love! • sedē+ te= sedete= Sit! • leg + ite= Read! • iaci + te= Throw! • audi + te= Listen!

  10. iubeo, iubēre & doceo, docēre • These verbs take an accusative direct object and an infinitive • Dominus servos laborare iubet. • The master orders the slaves to work. • Mater pueros legere docet. • Mother teaches the boys to read.

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