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Post-Imperial China: From Revolution to Communist Rule

Explore the tumultuous period of post-imperial China, from the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty to the rise of the Communist Party under Mao Zedong. Discover the civil war, the Long March, and how the Communists emerged victorious, forming the People's Republic of China.

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Post-Imperial China: From Revolution to Communist Rule

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  1. Agenda – 2-13-14 • BW Define • CW – Notes on post-imperial China • CW 2 – You have how many names? (Key People) • HW – Timeline • QOTD – You ain’t got no legs Lt. Dan -Forest Gump

  2. EQ – What was post-imperial China like?(How did China become communist?)

  3. Nationalists overthrow Qing Dynasty • A New Power • Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for modernization • Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) —first great leader of Nationalist Party

  4. In 1912, the Nationalist Party (or the Kuomintang) overthrew the Qing Dynasty and took control of China. Flag of the Kuomintang  Sun Yat-sen, founder of the Kuomintang

  5. The Nationalists were led by Sun Yat-sen, and later Chiang Kai-shek. Sun Yat-sen (or Sun Yixian) Chiang Kai-shek (or Jiang Jieshi)

  6. Shaky Start for the New Republic • In 1912, Sun takes control as president • Backs three principles: nationalism, democracy, economic security • No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916 • Many peasants opposed Nationalists, believing that they were corrupt.

  7. More problems….WWI • China enters war against Germany hoping to gain land held by Germans • Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in China to Japan • May 4, 1919, angry students protest this agreement - May Fourth Movement—spreads across China • Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

  8. Rise of a New Leader • Mao Zedong—helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921 • In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to work with Communists

  9. Peasants Align with the Communists • Jiang Jieshi—Nationalist leader after Sun dies—opposes communism • Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans • Supported the opposing Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong.

  10. Mao Zedong Flag of the Chinese Communist Party 

  11. Chinese Civil War • In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in Shanghai • In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists resist his rule • This led to the Chinese Civil War (1927 – 1949), between the Nationalists and the Communists.

  12. War Rages in China • By 1930, civil war rages; Mao recruits a peasant, guerrilla army • In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds outnumbered Communists • Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile journey to safety in north • Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the march

  13. Wait… We should fight Japan.. For now • Civil War Suspended • Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion in 1937 • Nationalists and Communists join together to fight Japan

  14. By 1949, the Communists won the Chinese Civil War and formed the People’s Republic of China. 1st Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong

  15. A major reason the Communists were successful was because they had the support of the peasants after promising them land.

  16. Meanwhile, the Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan and created the Republic of China. 1st President, Chiang Kai-shek

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