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Organohalides R-X

Organohalides R-X. C-F, C-Cl, C-Br or C-I bonds. dichloromethane. 1-chloroethane. 2-bromopentane. 1-bromo-2-chloroethane. 1,3-difluorobenzene. Alcohols R-OH. ethyl alcohol. methyl alcohol. 1-propyl alcohol. 2-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. d +. d -.

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Organohalides R-X

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  1. Organohalides R-X C-F, C-Cl, C-Br or C-I bonds dichloromethane 1-chloroethane

  2. 2-bromopentane 1-bromo-2-chloroethane 1,3-difluorobenzene

  3. Alcohols R-OH ethyl alcohol methyl alcohol 1-propyl alcohol 2-propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol

  4. d+ d- The physical properties of alcohols are dominated by hydrogen bonding. d+ d- d+ d- Ethanol, B.P. 78.3° versus propane, - 42 °

  5. Ethers R- O-R diethylether ethylmethylether No hydrogen bonding diethylether B.P. 35° pentane B.P. 36°

  6. Carboxylic Acids R-CO2H acetic acid formic acid propionic acid butyric acid

  7. Carboxylic acids are much more acidic than are alcohols. pKa = 4.75 pKa = 16

  8. Carboxylates acetate propanoate butanoate

  9. Esters RCO2R ethyl acetate methyl butanoate

  10. aspirin salicylic acid

  11. Amines R-NH2 ethylamine dimethylamine triethylamine

  12. Amides R-CONH2

  13. Ketones 2-butanone 2-propanone or acetone

  14. Aldehydes butanal propanal

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