NOAA AVIATION SAFETY

1. NOAA AVIATION SAFETY • NOAA Administrative Order NAO 209-124 • October 1, 2006 • Affects all NOAA Line Offices - Medical Screening - Water Survival Training (5 yrs) - Cold Weather Survival Training (5 yrs) - E-Learning Courses (Annual) - Aviation Safety - Policy & Procedures - Aviation Life Support Equipment

2. NOAA AVIATION LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

3. NOAA AVIATION LIFE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT

4. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NWS Employees Affected • Alaska Region - 77 • IMET - 70 • NDBC - 36 • PMOs - 6 • Southern Region - 3 • Western Region – 3 • Pacific Region - 8

5. ALASKA BUSH FLYING

6. How To Surviveby Cynthia CorbettHuman Factors Specialist “Accidents are survivable,” says Cynthia Corbett, a human factors specialist at the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute in Oklahoma City.” • Plan, Read, Listen • “There are things that a passenger can do to survive- first and foremost, have a plan,” Corbett tells WebMD. • “Read the safety briefing card on every single flight,” she says. “Not all planes are the same. Not all planes within the same airline are the same.”

7. How To Surviveby Cynthia CorbettFAA Human Factors Specialist – Cont’d Onboard Wardrobe • “Imaging having to run away from a burning plane,” says Corbett. “If you have to do that, how well are your flip-flops going to perform? How well are you high-heeled shoes going to perform? When you’re sliding down that fabric slide out of the plane, are pantyhose going to withstand? • “Shorts and skirts and high-heeled shoes are just not our preferred attire for flying, because it’s hard to run in those kinds of shoes and actually escape when you’re not clothed properly,” Corbett continues. • “We like to see tie-on-shoes that you’re not going to run out of and long pants. Jeans are good. I know in the summer that’s really tough, but short-shorts are just real dangerous in that event,” says Corbett.

8. Synthetic Clothing What NOT To Wear: Synthetic Materials Shorts Flip-Flops Short Sleeves

9. Synthetic Clothing

10. Natural Fibers Jacket or Sweater Long Pants Lace-Up Shoes

11. How To Surviveby Cynthia CorbettFAA Human Factors Specialist – Cont’d • For passengers with a seat in front of them, the suggested brace position is to cross your hands on the seat in front of your and rest your forehead on top of our hand, says Corbett. • “That way, you don’t have as far forward to flail if you didn’t have your head there,” she explains. “Also, it’s more difficult to get way down and hug your knees when you’re in a seat that has another seat in front of it’. • If you don’t have a seat in front of you, bend over as far as your can, grab you legs behind your knees, and keep your heard down until the plane stops.

12. How To Surviveby Cynthia CorbettFAA Human Factors Specialist – Cont’d • If a flight attendant is able to give directions after a crash, obey them. But sometimes, flight crews aren’t able to do that. • “Some people sit and wait for orders and if they don’t hear any, then they sit right through the disaster.” • Reports from the National Transportation Safety Board have noted some crash victims “are found sitting in their seats still buckled in,” says Corbett. “So you don’t have to wait for orders to be able to evacuate.” There are more plane evacuations than people realize; tothe tune of one every 11 days in the US.

13. How To Surviveby Cynthia CorbettHuman Factors Specialist – Continued Forget Your Baggage • If you’ve got to evacuate a plane, don’t try to take anything with you, says Corbett. Evacuation - To Help or Not? • There will be passengers who may not be able to leave the plane without help: • Disabled • Elderly • Children

14. Before Take-off • Ask for an aisle seat or the window seat next to an emergency exit, preferable in the back half of the plane • Place heavy items below the seat, not in the overhead bins • Buckle and unbuckle your seat belt a few times to make sure it works properly, then leave it buckled for the rest of the trip • Listen and watch the pre-flight safety presentation • Note the closest emergency exit, counting the number of rows between you and the exit; do the same for the second closest exit

15. Crash Preparations • Get rid of sharp things in your pockets and remove sharp objects, such as eyeglasses and high-heeled shoes • Put on a jacket if it will be cold outdoors • Wet a cloth with most any liquid—you can use it to cover your mouth and nose in smoke and fire • Tighten your seat belt and make sure your seat back is upright • Cross your arms over your calves, keep your legs forward against the seat in front of you, and cover your head with a pillow or other material

16. You Survived the Crash • Get up as soon as the plane has stopped • Keep your hands free - take nothing • Lower you head if there is smoke • Don’t get on the floor – you will be trampled • Go over the backs of the seats if the aisle is blocked • Don’t push other passengers – they can fall and create an obstruction • Don’t open an emergency exit if you see flames outside the window— check the exits on the other side of the plane

17. CRASH DYNAMICS • KINETIC ENERGY - KE = ½ mV2 • 5000-lb SUV @ 60 mph: 601,242 ft-lbf • 500,000-lb 747 @ 140 mph: 326,281,056 ft-lbf • 747 has 543X energy to dissipate

26. Toronto Miracle • Oct. 31, 2006 – There were 309 people on board an Air France jet that overshot the runway at Toronto’s Pearson Airport on August 2005. Somehow everybody survived and the incident became known as the “Toronto Miracle”. • One survivor told reporters after the crash he thought he would perish because his only experience of air disasters were what he’d seen in the movies. But between 1983 and 2000, more than 95 % of people involved in U.S. plane crashes survived.

27. Toronto Miracle - Continued • Bags were “flying down” from the overhead bins, and the plane was coming apart, said South African student Eddie Ho, 19. • But fire in the rear of the plane caused alarm, and passengers charged for the exits. • “People were tripping over each other, climbing over the seats tot get to the exits,” Ho said. • At a front door where Ho said he was directed to go, there was no chute to slide down and the drop was about 12 feet. He ran to the second door. It had a damaged chute, but he took it.

28. Toronto Miracle - Continued • “ I jumped and fell onto some people,” Ho said. “ Some people broke their arms and legs.” • Stewardesses started pushing everyone out,” said Diezyn, who said she jumped down a chute in the back of the plane. She cut her legs on the tall, sharp grass in the wet field where they landed. • Many passengers lost pieces of their clothing when they jumped from the plane; others took off rain-soaked clothes and exchanged them for warm blankets. • “People started panicking. We, everyone jumped out of their seats,” said Lauren Langille, one of the survivors of the crash in Toronto”.

30. Singapore Airlines Flight 006 • October 31, 2000, Taipei International Airport • Boeing 747 turned onto wrong runway • Collided with construction equipment • 90 people survived • Aircraft broke into three pieces • Some inflatable slides did not deploy • NTSB Study - 37% of slides do not deploy correctly

31. Advice for Fliersby Ed Galea, Australian Professor • If you are traveling in a family group, you should insist that the airline does not separate you throughout the aircraft. It is not only natural that if you’re involved in that sort of situation that you’re going to want to reunite the group before you evacuate. • Remember how to undo your seat belt. • And how you undo your seat belt in you car? You press a button. “In a plane, you lift a latch. If you can’t undo your seat belt, then you can’t evacuate and your chances of survival plummet.

32. Advice for Fliersby Ed Galea, Australian Professor - Continued Does It Matter Where You Sit? • There is not magic seat on an aircraft. There is, of course, an element of luck. • The average distance a survivor will travel in an evacuation is seven seat rows,”

48. NOAA AVIATION SAFETY The End Thank You!