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We observe two classes of anomalous signals in HCAL

We observe two classes of anomalous signals in HCAL. 1) Electronics noise from the Hybrid Photo Diode (HPD) and Readout BoX (RBX) used for the Hadronic Barrel (HB), Outer (HO), and EndCap (HE) calorimeters The HPD has 18 channels/device There are 4 HPDs in a RBX. HV gap ~8kV.

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We observe two classes of anomalous signals in HCAL

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  1. We observe two classes of anomalous signals in HCAL 1) Electronics noise from the Hybrid Photo Diode (HPD) and Readout BoX (RBX) used for the Hadronic Barrel (HB), Outer (HO), and EndCap (HE) calorimeters The HPD has 18 channels/device There are 4 HPDs in a RBX HV gap ~8kV 2) Cherenkov light produced by interactions in the window of the Forward Calorimeter PMTs ¼ photoelectrons per GeV Glass window thickness in the center is ~1mm increasing to ~6.1mm on the edges

  2. HPD and RBX Noise HPD Ion Feedback (~1 HPD channel) Photoelectron induced libration of ions from the silicon diode which accelerate across the HV gap and interact with the photocathode freeing additional photoelectrons HPD Discharge (up to 18 HPD channels) HPD photocathode operates at ~8kV with discharge occurring across sidewall or sidewall covering within the vacuum RBX Noise (up to 72 channels) Source unknown, possibly due to external noise coupling to HV of many channels across the whole RBX • Total rate of HPD and RBX noise is ~10-20 Hz for E>20 GeV which includes the contribution from the OR of all 288 HPDs • HPD and RBX noise is random and the overlap with physics is very low • HPD/RBX noise produce distinct patterns in HCAL • Filters had been developed making use of hit patterns, timing, pulse shape, and • EM fraction

  3. HPD Ion Feedback (~1 HPD channel) Photoelectron induced libration of ions from the silicon diode which accelerate across the HV gap and interact with the photocathode to free additional photoelectrons HPD Discharge (up to 18 HPD channels) Discharge occurring across sidewall or sidewall covering within vacuum RBX Noise (up to 72 channels) Source unknown, likely to be external noise source that couples to HV many channels across whole RBX HPD/RBX noise produce distinct patterns in HCAL Filters use: hit patterns, timing, pulse shape, and EM fraction Total rate of HPD and RBX is ~10-20 Hz for E>20 GeV which includes the total contribution from the OR of all 288 HPDs HPD and RBX noise is random and the overlap with physics is very low Ion feedback RBX noise HPD discharge

  4. Signals from interactions in the PMT windows and in the fiber bundles were observed in the testbeam. Published in: Eur. Phys.J. C53, 139-166 (2008) Long fibers: extends for the full length of HF Short fibers: start at a depth of 11 radiation lengths Most of the HF PMT hits can be identified based on the energy sharing between the Long and Short fibers using R = (EL-ES)/(EL+ES). Filters have been developed to effectively remove anomalous signals with little impact on real energy deposits. Rates in 2009 minimum bias data (~1720 PMTS) ~6x10-3 per event identified for 900 GeV data ~8x10-3 per event identified for 2.36 TeV data Dominant sources are muons from decays in flight and hadron shower punch through “Identification and filtering of uncharacteristic noise in the CMS hadron calorimeter” : JINST 5 T03014 2004 Test beam EL (GeV) PMT Hits Fiber Bundles ES (GeV) PMT Window

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