1 / 20

Time Between the Wars

Time Between the Wars. 1919-1939. An Age of Uncertainty. Science: two remarkable thinkers made a huge impact on the 20 th Century Part of a scientific revolution as important as the first one Albert Einstein: German born physicist Theory of Relativity- space & time are not constant

axl
Download Presentation

Time Between the Wars

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Time Between the Wars 1919-1939

  2. An Age of Uncertainty • Science: two remarkable thinkers made a huge impact on the 20th Century • Part of a scientific revolution as important as the first one • Albert Einstein: • German born physicist • Theory of Relativity- space & time are not constant • Sigmund Freud • Austrian Physician • Irrational part of the human mind is the unconscious • The Interpretation of Dreams: 1900 book • Weakened people’s faith in reason

  3. Great Thinkers

  4. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Literature: people questioned ideas about reason, progress & religion • People feared the FUTURE • T.S. Elliot: American poet who wrote about a loss of spiritual values (1922) • William Butler Yeats: Irish poet who in 1924 wrote about dark times ahead

  5. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Thinkers • Existentialism: philosophy that there is no universal meaning to life • Friedrich Nietzsche • 1880’s German philosopher who influenced existentialism • His ideas had great impact on politics in Italy & Germany in 1920’s & 1930’s

  6. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Writers • Horrors of war influenced Franz Kafka (Czech) 1924 • Freud influenced James Joyce (Irish) 1922 • Arts • Painters • Moved away from Realism & towards Expressionism • Cubism: 1907 Pablo Picasso (Spanish) used genometic forms to display natural shapes • Surrealism: try to link dreams to the real world • Salvador Dali (Spanish) 1931

  7. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Artichects • Functionalism: design reflects building’s function or use • Frank Lloyd Wright (American) • Composers • Jazz: new musical style from the United States • Developed by African-American in New Orleans, Memphis, Chicago • Led to dances like the Charleston

  8. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Technology: • Pace of invention increased • Automobile • Middle Class could afford them • Changed family lifestyles: travel for pleasure, new businesses developed, people moved to the suburbs & commuted to work

  9. An Age of Uncertainty cont’d • Airplanes • 1918: 1st airmail flights • Charles Lindbergh:US pilot who flew from New York to Paris in 1927 (33 hours solo) • Most major passenger airlines began during the 1920’s • Amelia Earhart: American woman who was the first to fly solo over the Pacific

  10. Radio • Researchfor development increased • 1920 world’s first commercial station started broadcasting from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania • Many European nations kept broadcasting under government control • Radio was very popular & most families owned a radio • Movies • 1920’s motion pictures became a major industry • 90% of films made in Hollywood • Dramas starred Mary Pickford & Rudolph Valentino • Comedy: Keystone Kops (slapstick) • Charlie Chaplin • Comic genius • Known for portrayal of a lonely little tramp bewildered by life • Late 1920’s: added sound to movies • Mid1930’s: millions of Americans went to the movies weekly

  11. Europe After the War • European Countries • Bankrupt because of fighting • Dominance in world affairs ended • US & Japan • Better financial shape & expanded trade • New Democracies Unstable • All pre- WWI dynasties have fallen • Newly created democracies have no experience in ruling

  12. Europe After the War cont’d • Germany/ Weimer Republic (established 1919) • People blame new government for WWI loss & Treaty of Versailles • High Inflation • During WWI Germany didn’t raise taxes to pay for war (just printed more money) • To pay reparations to Allies for WWI (printed more money) • Money is WORTHLESS & people blame new government

  13. The Weimer Republic

  14. Europe After the War cont’d • Economic Stability • U.S. banks gave Germany $200 million loan to stabilize economy • Reset reparation payoff to be more reasonable (owe $33 million instead of $55 billion) • Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact • “Renounces war as an instrument of national policy” • All countries sign • No way to enforce (no army to back it up) • U.S. signs, but not part of League of Nations- which weakens it.

  15. The Great Depression • United States- 1929 • Production is up & profit is up • Wealth NOT distributed equally • STOCK MARKET CRASHES Oct. 29,1929 • Stock prices were unnaturally high & people decided to sell stock, believing rates would go down. No one wanted to buy stocks, prices dropped quickly. • Billions of dollars in “paper wealth” vanished • Stocks bought at high price are worthless • Unemployment up, drops in industrial production, prices & wages

  16. The Great Depression

  17. The Great Depression cont’d • Collapse of American Economy Affects the World • America • Bankers demand repayment of overseas loans • Investors withdraw from Europe • Congress votes for high tariffs on imported goods • Other countries economies drop because U.S. is no longer buying their goods • World Trade drops 65% • Germany & Austria • Hit hard because of dependence on U.S. loans & investments

  18. The Great Depression cont’d • Japan • Farmers suffer because of 1931 crop failure • Value of exports drop by half • 3 million city workers lost jobs & returned to villages for work • Latin America • Tied to global economy because of cash crops & raw materials • Can’t pay debts to other countries

More Related