Between the Wars

1. Between the Wars Europe Post WWI The Great Depression Rise of Totalitarianism Stalin's Russia Rise of Japan Rise of Nazi Party and the road to War

2. Drill In the Mexican Revolution, for what were they fighting? Spanish rule, taken land, lack of freedoms Ash Wednesday Agenda Drill Pray You need packets? Emiliano Zapata HW: Vocab

3. What to highlight… • Who is he? • What did he do? • Where? • When? • Why? Emiliano Zapata Who - What - Where - When - Why -

4. What to highlight… and write on the back of the sheet… • Who is he? – Mestizo Mexican Revolutionary • What did he do? – Took money and land from rich to redistribute • Where? - Mexico • When? – 1910 – 1920s • Why? – Mexicans being suppressed as farm workers; Emiliano Zapata Who - What - Where - When - Why -

5. Drill: What treaty ended WWI and how was Germany effected? • The Treaty of Versailles forced billions in reparations on Germany which they could not afford, ruining their economy. February 14 Agenda Drill Pray German Coal P.C. Between the Wars Notes

6. Political Cartoon…

7. The Uneasy Peace • The Treaty of Versailles was really nothing but a patch over a festering wound • It did not settle the border disputes that caused WWI • The industrial and mineral “heart "of Germany was occupied by France (the Ruhr Valley) • French began operating the factories here to pay for the Reparations of the Treaty of Versailles

8. Germany • The German Weimar Republic was created in 1918 and did not have a strong leader at the outset of the Great Depression • It faced many economic problems • Inflation • Millions of Unemployed • Food shortages and riots • Collapsed banking systems • Government was unable to do anything and the country was on the brink of shutting down

9. German Response • German workers went on Strike • Government paid them by printing more money • This lead to Inflation • By 1923 in took 4 trillion German Marks to = $1.00

10. Dawes Plan • The German People were suffering badly • American Diplomat H.W. Dawes instituted a plan: • America loaned German $200 Million • American investors began to help German factories • Reduced reparation payment to what Germany could afford

11. Recovery In 1925 Germany and France signed The Treaty of Locarno. It guaranteed the German Western Borders and return of the Ruhr Region Germany joined the League of Nations in 1926 Germany signed the Kellogg-Brand Act of 1928, joining 63 nations in outlawing war However, Germany was still in a lot of Economic trouble and was just starting to get better when October 1929 hit.

12. Germany Just as things started to get better the Great Depression Hit As Bad as things were before they got worse Unemployment hit 42% Food riots continued throughout the country People wanted a strong leader and feared a communist take over

13. Genesis of WWII: Nations of the Modern World Germany Italy Great Britain Japan The Great Depression

14. The Great Depression Depression – a time of low economic activity and high unemployment. It started in the USA, but quickly spread to Europe and then the world. American Investors pulled their money out of German Factories and effectively destroyed German production- the country could not afford to keep the factories open This started the unemployment process

15. The Great Depression To protect their own companies and jobs countries started to raise High Tariffs and lower pay for employees The global trade network shut down, things got worse This lead to more job loss, in average as high as 25% Streets started to fill with the poor and unemployed Governments did not know what to do

16. France • Post WWI it was a strong Imperial and European power • In 1932 it could no longer escape the effects of the great Depression and became politically unstable • In 1936 a group called the Popular Front (A workers communist group) began fighting for workers rights using Collective Bargaining • This is a process of Unionization where all employees are represented by this group and receive the benefits of its work • They got all French workers a 40 hour work week, two weeks of paid vacation and a minimum wage • But all this did was slow down the depression, it did not solve it

17. Great Britain • Britain never really recovered from the loss of life in WWI and had a slow economy going into the Great Depression • At the onset of the depression many more people lost their jobs and demand for goods sank • John Maynard Keyes identified this problem and stated that the reason the depression existed was that people were not buying goods and that as soon as people started buying goods again the depression would dissipate.

18. Great Britain • He proposed that government start public works jobs • Build Highways and power plants • This would get people jobs and get people to buy goods • Then private industry would need more employees for its factories as the people will want to buy more goods • This would cause governments to take on deficit spending • The spending of money that the government does not have today but will repay-itself later or going into Debt to itself

19. Italy Post WWI it was in political, social and economic upheaval Politically people feared a communist take over like in Russia Economically they could not get the soldiers coming home the jobs that they needed and lead to high unemployment Socially the farming system was in chaos as many of the young men died in the war and food was a scarce resource

20. Rise of Japan Post WWI was a good time for Japan Industry Increased as did trade Zaibatsu- large financial and industrial business emerged 4 of these including Mitsubishi and Honda would dominate Japanese Industry

21. Rise of Japan To run these industries Japan needed more raw materials Began more trade with the USA Helped to enforce China’s “open door policy” But they wanted more

22. Rise of Japan • Wealth became concentrated among a few • So when the Great Depression hit it caused • food shortages • Inflation • Unemployment • People called for a return to Traditional Values

23. Rise of Japan In 1929 a group of Army Officers gained control of Japans political system They decide to invade all of Manchuria and make it “Japanese” They wanted to end all contact with the west and make “Asia for Asians” The people supported these military groups and expanded the role of the Military in Japan

24. Rise of Japan With the invasion of Manchuria the threat of Depression did not hit Japan as hard as the rest of the world Japan then set its sites on China and prepared to wage war for more raw materials and Military greatness

25. Drill • What was the Weimer Republic’s effect on Germany? • Printing money to pay reparations result in rapid inflation and the economy to collapse February 15, 2013 Agenda Drill/Pray Fill in the Notes

26. Go to My Teacher Page on AQ Website • Click Global II • Download BETWEEN THE WARS HYPERMEDIA POWERPOINT • Press F5 and fill in the remainder of yesterday’s notes

27. Drill What problems did Germany face, prompting the rise of Hitler? Unemployment (Great Depression) Inflation Weak government (Weimer) Food shortages Riots February 25, 2013 Agenda Drill Pray Go over Worksheet World Wide Depression Walkaround

28. A Weimer Republic • Why was it weak? • The Weimar Republic faced many problems.  Perhaps the greatest danger was 'the weakness within' - the constitution gave the President, the states and the army too much power, whilst proportional voting meant that the Reichstag was divided and weak.  In 1919-23, extremists on both the Left (especially the Spartacist revolt) and the Right (especially the Kapp Putsch) tried to overthrow the government.   The worst crisis occurred in 1923, when the French invaded to try to force Germany to pay reparations.  This led to hyperinflation and a number of rebellions (particularly Hitler's Munich Putsch).

29. B What caused German inflation? What was the effect? • Invasion-Inflation: the crisis of 1923 • The cause of the trouble was Reparations – the government paid them by printing more money, causing inflation.  In January 1923, Germany failed to make a payment, and France invaded the Ruhr.  This humiliated the government, which ordered a general strike, and paid the strikers by printing more money, causing hyperinflation: • In Berlin on 1 October 1923, soldiers calling themselves Black Reichswehr rebelled, led by Bruno Buchrucker. • The Rhineland declared independence (21–22 October). • In Saxony and Thuringia the Communists took power. • The German Mark became worthless

30. C. What was the Dawes Plan? The Dawes Plan of 1924 The Dawes Plan of 1924 was formulated to take Weimar Germany out of hyperinflation and to return Weimar’s economy to some form of stability. The Dawes Plan got its name as the man who headed the committee was an American called Charles Dawes. The Treaty of Versailles had imposed huge reparation payments on Weimar Germany to pay for the damage caused by World War One. It soon became clear that Weimar Germany was simply incapable of paying out the instalments required by Versailles. This ended in 1923 with French and Belgian troops occupying the Ruhr – Germany’s most productive industrial area. The workers there went on strike which simply exacerbated Weimar Germany’s economic standing. By 1924, the country was in dire financial straits.

31. D. What was the Kellog Briand Pact? The Kellogg–Briand Pact (also called the Pact of Paris, formal name: General Treaty for the Renunciation of War) was signed on August 27, 1928 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Japan, and a number of other states. The pact renounced aggressive war, prohibiting the use of war as "an instrument of national policy" except in matters of self-defense.[1] It made no provisions for sanctions. The pact was the result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on September 4, 1929.[2]

32. E. Draw a scene that reflects the valueless German Mark • This scene should be something you come up with. It could be a political cartoon, a drawing or anything…but not nothing.

33. F. What event is considered the most significant event of the US Depression? On October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. In the aftermath of Black Tuesday, America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression (1929-39), the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world up to that time. After October 29, 1929, stock prices had nowhere to go but up, so there was considerable recovery during succeeding weeks. Overall, however, prices continued to drop as the United States slumped into the Great Depression, and by 1932 stocks were worth only about 20 percent of their value in the summer of 1929. The stock market crash of 1929 was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, but it did act to accelerate the global economic collapse of which it was also a symptom. By 1933, nearly half of America's banks had failed, and unemployment was approaching 15 million people, or 30 percent of the workforce.

34. G. What were 3 effects of the Great Depression? The Great Depression, which began in 1929, resulted in the most serious disruption in European economic life since the advent of industrialization. Despite numerous problems, mostly related to the Great War and the Versailles Treaty, by the mid-1920s mild optimism had appeared justified. A reduction of reparation payment schedules and a growing atmosphere of trust, suggested that Europe's troubles could be resolved peacefully. The widespread development of new products like the radio and the automobile further supported the optimistic mood. Yet these signs proved tragically misleading. The economy of the West crashed when the largely unregulated speculation on the New York stock exchanges permitted a rapid sell-off of securities that created a ripple effect throughout the world economy. Every nation of Europe was seriously affected. In all countries that were still democratic, assaults were made on the parliamentary system of government. Great Britain and France managed to survive by accepting multi-party political coalitions and economic ideas not dreamed of in the prewar era. Germany, Italy, and Russia, however, had established systems of government that utilized organized and violent control over the citizenry. The vast economic reorganization of Russia, instituted by Stalin, brought untold hardship on Soviet citizens. The industrial machine created by the five-year plan, and admired by many in the West, was oiled by the blood of millions. Germany, the most severely struck by the Depression, fell into the grasp of Hitler and the National Socialist (Nazi) party, which brutally eliminated opponents, real or imagined, while embarking on a rearmament program that helped reverse the economic damage caused by the economic collapse. In Italy, the impact of economic reorganization under state control was less clear, in part because it was obscured by early mobilization for war. Before the lessons of the Great Depression could be fully digested, Europe found itself embroiled in a second world war that proved longer and even more devastating than the first.

35. H. “America came down with a cold and the world caught the flu” …explain the quote in your own words

36. Drill “America came down with a cold, and the world caught the flu.” What does this quote mean? The American economy collapsed in the Great Depression, which started there, and the rest of the world’s economy also suffered greatly. February 26, 2013 Agenda Drill Pray Nazis Rise to power Shame at Nuremburg Vid/Doc Characteristics of Fascists

37. Nazi Rise to Power PAGE PEGA Hitler appointed Chancellor by the conser-vative party The Great Depres-sion The Weimer Republic could not handle the economy Too many political parties (America had to step in and save them) Propaganda 1. Posters (Red) 2. Mein Kampf Hitler promised Lebensraum (or living space)

39. Shame at Nuremburg

40. Drill How did the Nazis rise to power in Germany? (take a PAGE out of Hitler’s book, Mein Kampf) P-Propaganda A-Appointment to Chancellor G-Great Depression E-Economic Issues February 27, 2013 Agenda Pray Drill Comparing Fascism and Nazism Appeasement Letters

42. Fiery Orator Autocratic/Totalitarian Policies Absolutism Supported by Middle Class Killed Opponents Germany Italy • Struggling Economy • Public Speaking • Fear, Propaganda • Struggling Economy • Public Speaking • Fear, Propaganda Soldier Newspaper Editor Appointed Chancellor, called for election for himself Protest/Overthrow Fear Fear/Loyalty Oath Make the Great German Empire Restore Italy to Roman Empire Greatness

43. Drill • How should other European leaders treat Hitler when he comes to power? • Opinion: Do they treat him poorly because of the Treaty of Versailles blame and Mein Kampf or as an ally because the Weimar Republic started turning things around? February 28, 2013 Agenda Pray Drill Appeasement Video Appeasement Document+Cartoon Chamberlin Letter Maybe Nazi propaganda HW: Neville Chamberlin Letter + looking at next Tuesday for test

45. Wordbank?

46. Drill What is appeasement? Appeasement is a policy exercised by Neville Chamberlain where he agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland if Hitler promised to refrain from invading any other territory (Munich Agreement at the Munich Conference) 3-1-1 3 Agenda Pray Drill Appeasement Worksheet Nazi Propaganda/Check Homework Homework Everything in packet up to last page

47. Drill Did the failure of the League of Nations lead to the WWII? Yes because they did not hold power to resist Hitler’s aggressions and limit his power. March 4, 2013 Agenda Pray Drill Check Homework Did the failure? What you need to know for test

48. Japan Italy Germany Emperor Hirohito Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Nazism Parliamentary Empire Fascism 1. Invades Manchuria Invades Ethiopia Invades Rhineland/threatens Sudetenland Assists Franco in Spain 2. Rape of Nanking Assist Franco in Spanish Civil War Hitler Annexes Austria Hitler Attacks Czeckoslovakia Reason: NATURAL RESROUCES Reason: Revenge on Ethiopia Reason: Expand Third Reich to all Germans