Chapter 17-The Early Middle Ages

1. Chapter 17-The Early Middle Ages Mrs. M. Brown

2. Section 2 • After the fall of Rome, groups moved into Europe and divided the lands among themselves. The leaders of these groups called themselves kings • The creation of kingdoms marked the beginning of the Middle Ages, a period lasting from 500 to 1500. Another name for this age is the medieval period.

3. A.D. 500 Fall of the Roman Empire A.D. 500 – A.D. 1500 The Middle Ages A.D. 1500 The Renaissance

4. Christianity was the most important factor in Europe during this time. • The Pope sent missionaries and monks to Europe to spread Christianity.

5. 1.What is the time period from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1500 in which Christianity was the most important factor known as? Middle Ages 2. What is the word that comes from Latin that also means “Middle Ages”? medieval 3. What did the Pope, missionaries, and monks spread all over Europe? Christianity

6. Missionaries are people who try to convert others to a particular religion • Patrick was a missionary who traveled from Britain to Ireland to convert the people there. • At first, the people resisted his teachings but eventually they accepted Christianity; especially after Patrick performed a miracle to remove all of the snakes from Ireland.

7. A monk is a religious man who lived apart from society in isolated communities • Communities of monks are called monasteries (where monks lived) • Although monks lived in monasteries, they were very much a part of society. • They acted as doctors, ran schools, and collected ancient writings from Greece and Rome • They also helped spread Christian teachings into new areas

8. 4.What are people who try to convert others to a particular religion called? missionaries 5. Who was the missionary who converted many people in Britain and Ireland to Christianity? Saint Patrick

9. 6. What is the name of the place where monks live/communities of monks? monasteries 7. Although monks lived apart from society, what four things did they do FOR society? Acted as doctors Ran schools Collected ancient writings from Greece and Rome Helped spread Christianity to new areas

10. The Franks • In the 480’s a powerful group called the Franks conquered Gaul (France). • Under the rule of Clovis the Franks become Christian and create one of the strongest kingdom in Europe. • Then in the late 700’s under the leadership of Charlemagne, the Franks conquer most of the old Roman empire and begin building schools across Europe • Charlemagne was a very tall man (6’ 4”) and a strong Christian

11. 8. Under the rule of King _____, the Franks became Christians. Clovis 9. Who was the very tall and strong Christian king who led the Franks in conquering most of the old Roman Empire and built schools across Europe? Charlemagne

12. Feudalism • While Charlemagne was building his empire Vikings, Magyars and Muslims were invading Europe • The Vikings were a group of seafaring people who invaded England and northwestern Europe • Because of these invasions Feudalism was created by the Franks. • Feudalism is the trading of loyalty for protection

13. 10.What did the invasions of the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims cause to be develop? feudalism 11. Who first created feudalism? the Franks 12. What is feudalism? A way of trading loyalty for protection 13. Who were the seafaring people who invaded England and northwestern Europe? Vikings

14. Section 3 • The king owned all of the land • Nobles were granted large areas of land for loyalty and support (food, soldiers, taxes) • These large pieces of land (estates) given to a lord for a promise of support and loyalty were called manors or estates

15. Knights fought to protect the lands and gain their own lands from the nobles • When a noble gave knights land and promised military support for the king they became Lords. • The lands the knights earned were called fiefs. • When the knight earned a fief, he became a vassal.

16. 14. What did knights receive in exchange for the pledge of loyalty to a lord? a fief 15. What was a knight who promised protection for a lord in exchange for land called? vassal

17. 16. What did a noble become when he gave a knight land for protection and promised the king military support? lord 17. What was the land given to a noble called? manor or estate

18. Serfs farmed the land for protection and provided food and paid taxes • Serfs were tied to the land —they were not allowed to leave their land without the lord’s permission • A peasant a bit more freedom but not much—they usually were the more skilled workers on the manor • Serfs (and peasants) received a place to stay and were protected from invaders in return for farming the lord’s land.

19. 18. What did serfs receive for farming a lord’s land? A place to stay and protection from invaders 19. People who were tied to the land were called _________ serfs

20. Pages 508 – 509 What direction is the church from The manor house?

21. Feudalism was first created by the Franks but before long this system of obligations governing the relationships of lords and vassals began to spread to other kingdoms • In 1066 William the Conqueror decided to conquer England and defeated the British in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings. • To reward his knights, William gave them large estates of land = William the Conqueror brought feudalism to England

22. 20. Who defeated the British king in 1006 at the Battle of Hastings? William the Conqueror 21. What did William the Conqueror bring to Britain after he invaded and conquered it? feudalism

23. Women in the Middle Ages • Regardless of their social class, women in the Middle Ages had to obey the wishes of their fathers or husbands, they ran the households, and noble women supervised servants = they had fewer rights than men. • One woman, however, had GREAT political power! • Eleanor of Aquitaine married 2 kings- France and England and was the mother of 2 kings!

24. After A.D. 1000 Europe’s population began to increase partly because more food was available due to new inventions such as a heavier plow (it could dig deeper into the soil and plants could grow better) • Towns also began to grow because of trade. • Trade routes began to develop • People began to move into the cities from farms to earn more money.

25. 22.What woman had great political power and married 2 kings-France and England? Eleanor of Aquitaine 23. What are 2 reasons why European cities began to grow? Many people moved into the city (increase of population and the growth of trade

26. Your test is Thursday! PLEASE study! This is a very important historical time period!