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Phytoremediation of soils polluted with chloroacetanilide herbicides

Phytoremediation of soils polluted with chloroacetanilide herbicides. phyto- = plant-related remediare = make something usable again. Portoroz 2005. Phytoremediation - growing plants in polluted soil. Crops, weeds In theory: simple (?) Take pollutants up Transport, evaporate Detoxify

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Phytoremediation of soils polluted with chloroacetanilide herbicides

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  1. Phytoremediation of soils pollutedwith chloroacetanilide herbicides phyto- = plant-relatedremediare = make something usable again Portoroz 2005

  2. Phytoremediation - growing plants in polluted soil • Crops, weeds • In theory: simple (?) • Take pollutants up • Transport, evaporate • Detoxify • metabolism • accumulation • harvest: removal Portoroz 2005

  3. Good - not so good • Advantages • inexpensive (vs. traditional) • agricultural - "green" • public acceptance: very good • Limitations • time consuming • bioavailability • season-dependent • “final” pollution • pollutant phytotoxic, such as herbicides - project Portoroz 2005

  4. Research project - phytoremediation of a polluted site • 3 km from Lake Balaton • Chemical plant's "waste pond"; 45 ha, ca. 6 m deep • Phytotoxic cocktail • pesticides, heavy metals, explosives, intermediates... • Goal: reduce/eliminate • Chose the right plant(s) • Chloroacetanilide herbicides at ca. 10-4 M Portoroz 2005

  5. Chloroacetanilide herbicides • Widely used in several crops • Monoculture - large quant. • Hazard • environmental toxicity • human health • Selective action • due to differential metabolic rates • role of glutathione Portoroz 2005

  6. Glutathione (GSH) • Tripeptide: -L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly • Presence of thiol (-SH) group: highly reactive • reducing agent • nucleophile • In phytoremediation • protection against oxidative stress • pollutant detoxification via GSH-conjugation Portoroz 2005

  7. GSH conjugation of chloroacetanilides Detoxification system’s capacity: GSH levels & enzyme activity Experimental plants: maize and poplars Portoroz 2005

  8. Why maize plants? • Excellent candidates • rapid growth • large biomass • large genetic pool • tolerance to CAs • Excellent candidates • rapid growth • large biomass • large genetic pool • root depth Why poplar trees? Portoroz 2005

  9. Laboratory studies • Ability of maize (14 hybrids) to take up, tolerate, and detoxify 8 CA herbicides - excellent • effects of GSH/GST modifyers • Ability of poplars (11 clones) to take up, tolerate, and detoxify 8 CA herbicides - good, marginal • effects of GSH/GST modifyers • Rates of herbicide uptake and translocation • Identity of herbicide metabolites • Rates of herbicide metabolism • Best hybrids and clones selected for field studies Portoroz 2005

  10. Field studies • April 1999: 1200 maize plants + MG-191 - vigorous growth • discontinued: deep pollution, hungry boars • March 2002: 900 small poplar trees - poor survival • drought, hungry deers • April 2003: 700 small poplar trees (7 clones) - ca. 40 % survive in 2004 • 2005: maintenance, monitoring (plants, pollutants, soil microbial life) - AASW 2006 Portoroz 2005

  11. The End Portoroz 2005

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