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Unit 4 Review

Unit 4 Review. Sections B,C,D. Unit 4 B,C,D. What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH - H 3 O +. Unit 4 B,C,D. What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH - hydroxide

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Unit 4 Review

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  1. Unit 4 Review Sections B,C,D

  2. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH- H3O+

  3. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the name of eachof the ions below? OH- hydroxide H3O+ hydronium

  4. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which of these is in abundance in solution constitutes an acid? OH- hydroxide H3O+ hydronium

  5. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which of these in abundance in solution constitutes an acid? H3O+ hydronium

  6. Unit 4 B,C,D • If there are an abundance of OH- , hydroxide ions, the solution will be ___________.

  7. Unit 4 B,C,D • If there are an abundance of OH- , hydroxide ions, the solution will be basic.

  8. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which of the following are acids, bases or salts? H3PO4 MgOH CH3COOH MgSO4 NH4OH

  9. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which of the following are acids, bases or salts? H3PO4 - acid MgOH - base CH3COOH - acid MgSO4 -salt NH4OH - base

  10. Unit 4 B,C,D • Complete the following reaction : Acid + Base  ______ + ________

  11. Unit 4 B,C,D • Complete the following reaction : Acid + Base  Salt + Water

  12. Unit 4 B,C,D • What type of reaction is this? Acid + Base  Salt + Water

  13. Unit 4 B,C,D • What type of reaction is this? Acid + Base  Salt + Water Neutralization Reaction

  14. Unit 4 B,C,D • If equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions are added to the solution in the following reaction, what will be the resulting pH? Acid + Base  Salt + Water

  15. Unit 4 B,C,D • If equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions are added to the solution in the fo9llowing reaction, what will be the resulting pH? Acid + Base  Salt + Water pH = 7 Neutral!

  16. Unit 4 B,C,D • If an acid is added to a pH 4.5 solution and the pH DOES NOT change, what assumptions can you make about the solution?

  17. Unit 4 B,C,D • If an acid is added to a pH 4.5 solution and the pH DOES NOT change, what assumptions can you make about the solution? • The solution contains a buffer. • The added acid is a very weak acid and does not contribute to the H+ concentration enough to measure.

  18. Unit 4 B,C,D • Given the following information, is HF (hydrofluoric acid) a strong or weak acid? HF + H2O  HF + H3O+

  19. Unit 4 B,C,D • Given the following information, is HF (hydrofluoric acid) a strong or weak acid? HF + H2O  HF + H3O+ If you still have HF in the products then it did not completely ionize and is therefore a weak acid.

  20. Unit 4 B,C,D • A solution has the following concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in solution. Is the solution acidic or basic? H3O+ = 1 x 10 -10 OH- = 1 x 10 - 4

  21. Unit 4 B,C,D • A solution has the following concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in solution. Is the solution acidic or basic? H3O+ = 1 x 10 -10 OH- = 1 x 10 – 4 Basic! That OH- concentration is much higher than the H3O+ concentration.

  22. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the pH of the solution? H3O+ = 1 x 10 -10 OH- = 1 x 10 – 4

  23. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the pH of the solution? H3O+ = 1 x 10 -10 OH- = 1 x 10 – 4 pH is determined from the H3O+ concentration of ions in a solution. Therefore the pH is 10.

  24. Unit 4 B,C,D • An environmental survey team measured the pH of the rain near a municipal incinerator found it had a pH of 6.0. • How should the team react to this discovery? • Why?

  25. Unit 4 B,C,D • An environmental survey team measured the pH of the rain near a municipal incinerator found it had a pH of 6.0. There is no cause for alarm because this is well within the natural pH rain of rainwater.

  26. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the pH of acid rain?

  27. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the pH of acid rain? Less than 5.6.

  28. Unit 4 B,C,D • If the pH of water is 7, why is rain with a pH range of 5.6 – 7.0 considered natural? Where did the acid come from?

  29. Unit 4 B,C,D • If the pH of water is 7, why is rain with a pH range of 5.6 – 7.0 considered natural? Where did the acid come from? CO2 in the air dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, H2CO3.

  30. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which manmade atmospheric pollutants are responsible for acid rain? • Where do they come from?

  31. Unit 4 B,C,D • Which manmade atmospheric pollutants are responsible for acid rain? SO2 H2SO4 from burning coal NO2  HNO3 burning gasoline

  32. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many moles of H2SO4 does a 4 molar (4M) solution of sulfuric acid contain?

  33. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many moles of H2SO4 does a 4 molar (4M) solution of sulfuric acid contain? It contains 4 moles for every liter of solution.

  34. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many moles are there in 102 g KOH?

  35. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many moles are there in 102 g KOH? K = 39 g/mol O = 16 g/mol H = 1 g/mol KOH = 56 g/mol 102 g x 1 mol = 2 mol 56 g

  36. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many grams of KOH must be added to 1 liter of water to make a 2 molar solution?

  37. Unit 4 B,C,D • How many grams of KOH must be added to 1 liter of water to make a 2 molar solution? K = 39 g/mol O = 16 g/mol H = 1 g/mol KOH = 56 g/mol 56 g KOH x 2 mol KOH 1 mol KOH 1 liter soln. = 102 g KOH

  38. Unit 4 B,C,D • Classify each as a strong/weak concentrated/dilute acid/base

  39. Unit 4 B,C,D • Classify each as a strong/weak concentrated/dilute acid/base Weak Concentrated Acid Strong Dilute Base Strong Concentrated Acid Strong dilute Acid Weak Dilute Acid Weak Concentrated base

  40. Unit 4 B,C,D • What does the following figure represent?

  41. Unit 4 B,C,D • What does the following figure represent? Electromagnetic wave

  42. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is EM radiation?

  43. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is EM radiation? Electromagnetic waves that range in frequency from radio waves to gamma waves and includes visible light.

  44. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the name for one wavelength of electromagnetic energy?

  45. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the name for one wavelength of electromagnetic energy? Photon

  46. Unit 4 B,C,D • What does the frequency of a wave measure?

  47. Unit 4 B,C,D • What does the frequency of a wave measure? The number of waves that pass a given point per second.

  48. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the relationship between frequency and energy of the wave?

  49. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the relationship between frequency and energy of the wave? The higher the frequency the more energy the wave has.

  50. Unit 4 B,C,D • What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? As frequency increases, wavelength decreases.

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