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Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Gravitational Wave Astronomy. Dr. Giles Hammond Institute for Gravitational Research SUPA, University of Glasgow. Universität Jena, August 2010. Gravitational Waves. From our matrix all 3 terms are zero => A particle initially at rest will remain at rest.

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Gravitational Wave Astronomy

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  1. Gravitational Wave Astronomy Dr. Giles Hammond Institute for Gravitational Research SUPA, University of Glasgow Universität Jena, August 2010

  2. Gravitational Waves From our matrix all 3 terms are zero => A particle initially at rest will remain at rest. In the TT gauge we have a coordinate system which remains attached to individual particles Now consider two particles, one at (0,0,0) and the other at (,0,0) Proper distance between them is and this DOES change with time

  3. Geodesic Deviation The geodesic deviation between two freely falling objects separated by a vector a is given by (not proved here) A fundamental result which states that curvature can be measured locally by watching the proper distance between particles If particles are at rest and separated by  along the x-axis then

  4. Geodesic Deviation The components of the Riemann tensor can be calculated as So two particles separated by  along the x-axis will have a separation vector defined by

  5. Example of Rxoxo Term

  6. Geodesic Deviation The components of the Riemann tensor can be calculated as If the particles are separated by  along the y-axis it can be shown in a similar way that Previous result for x-axis

  7. Geodesic Deviation For the hxx component The metric has sinusoidal solutions And this gives sinusoidal solutions for the particle separation from earlier slide

  8. Geodesic Deviation Extending to a ring of test particles gives where there are 2 polarisations:

  9. Leading Order Radiation Consider analogy with Electromagnetic radiation Waves are formed by the time-change in the position and distribution of the “charges” in the system (q or m) Monopole Radiation =>Time variation of total charge (zeroth moment) in the system Charge/Energy conservation rules this out for EW’s and GW’s

  10. Leading Order Radiation Dipole Radiation => Time variation of the charge distribution (1st moment) Efficient production mechanism for EW’s Momentum conservation rules this out for GW’s (both linear + angular)

  11. Leading Order Radiation Quadrupole Radiation => Time variation of the charge distribution (2nd moment) No conservation rules left => leading order radiation term for GW’s 2nd moment depends on the moment of inertia tensor (Lij)

  12. Estimate of Strain Amplitude Consider two stars, mass M, radial separation r The quadrupole moment is R R

  13. Estimate of Strain Amplitude The magnitude of the metric stretch in the xx direction is or, using Kepler’s 3rd law, which gives modulated at 2

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