Principles of Communication

1. Principles of Communication Chapter 10: Public Speaking W.I.I.F.M?

2. SCOPE Chapter 10 Lecture and Discussion: Terminology for Public Speaking Events Importance of Preparation for Public Speaking Various Public Speaking Situations Chapter 10 Case Study Instructor Review Student Q&A

3. 10.3 Audiences An audience is an individual or group of people who are participating in a presentation to gain some new information. You “adapt” your presentation to meet the needs, interests, and background of the audience.

4. 10.3 Audiences Sometimes your presentation is informal, but other times a proposal or sales presentation is needed… formal. Sales presentations are most successful in the long term when they: Establish client relationships Consider client needs Listen to and welcome clients’ participation Focus on benefits not features Use effective closings

5. 10.3 Audiences Identify the common division of audiences… Experts: These are the people who know the theory and the product inside and out. Technicians: These are the people who build, operate, maintain, and repair the stuff that the experts design and theorize about. Executives: These are the people who make business, economic, administrative, legal, governmental or political decisions on the stuff that the experts and technicians work with. Non-specialists: These readers have the least technical knowledge of all.

6. 10.4 Audience Analysis Knowing the common division of audiences is important, but it is not the end. Consider the following… What is the background knowledge, experience, and training history of the audience? What are the needs and interests of the audience? What are any other demographic characteristics? Age? Religion? Location?

7. 10.4 Audience Analysis Audience analysis is the collection of information about an audience and determining the characteristics that would affect their participation. More than one audience Format the presentation for general audiences, and then add headings and section introductions to alert your audience about how to use your report. Wide variability in an audience Again, format for general audiences, and then put the supplemental information in appendixes or insert cross-references to beginners' books.

8. 10.5 Guidelines for Planning Use the following considerations during your planning process…

9. 10.5 Guidelines for Planning Review the three tables on pages 124 to 125 for ideas on different techniques for presenting a speech.

10. 10.6 Audience Adaptation Audience adaptation refers to the process of adjusting one's topic, purpose, language, and communication style in order to avoid offending or alienating members of the audience. Add information readers need to understand your presentation. Omit information your audience does not need. Change the level of the information you currently have. Add examples to help the audience understand. Change the level of your examples. Change the organization of your information. Strengthen transitions… the connections between the main sections of your presentation. Prepare stronger introductions for the presentation and individual sections.

11. 10.7 Persuasive Strategies Credibility is the persuasive force that comes from the audience’s belief in and respect for the speaker. Demonstrate Your Competence Earn the Trust of Your Audience Emphasize Your Similarity to the Audience Aristotle crafted a study of ‘persuasion’ called “The Rhetoric”

12. 10.7 Persuasive Strategies Avoid the following common fallacies: Personal Attack (Ad Hominem): attacks the person and not what they’re saying. Reduction to the Absurd (Reductio Ad Absurdum): attacks an argument by making it look ridiculous, but doesn’t prove anything. False Cause (Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc): mistakenly assumes that recent events are connected. Bandwagon Appeal (Argumentum Ad Populum): the notion that because many people favor an idea, you should too.

13. 10.8 Public Speaking and Self-Confidence Confidence is that innate quality in us that gives us the ability to make decisions without worrying that we might be wrong. Self-confidence builds belief, faith and trust in our own capabilities and makes us sure of ourselves.

14. 10.8 Public Speaking and Self-Confidence The following are simple tips for gaining self-confidence in a speech: Smile Make eye contact Change your inner voice Forget other people’s standards Make the most of your appearance Pray or meditate briefly… center yourself Reframe Find the next step Speak slowly Contribute something

15. 10.9 Sample Persuasive Presentation The sample presentation on pages 129 to 133 demonstrates most of the persuasive principles covered in this chapter as well as the general guidelines about speaking to an audience.

16. Lessons from Jobs Set the theme Make your theme clear and consistent Provide the Outline (open and close each section) Demonstrate Enthusiasm (Wow!) Make numbers meaningful Give ‘em a show Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse Oh! and ONE MORE THING………

17. BREAK! Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus. Enjoy! Take a break!

18. Handout Review You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions. Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible. You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

19. HOMEWORK! No homework.

20. Case Study Review Take 15-minutes to compare your case study summaries with a partner and create a revised idea to present.