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Ovine obstetrics

Ovine obstetrics. Embriology (Foetal membranes). Embryology. Oocyte: 16-24 h Spermatozoa 30-48 h Two-cell stage Day 1 Eight-cell stage Day 2,5. Embryology. Morula (8-16 cells) Day 3 (uterus) Blastocyst Days 6 to 7 Elongation Days 11 to 16 Early placentation Days 14 to 18.

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Ovine obstetrics

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  1. Ovine obstetrics Embriology (Foetal membranes)

  2. Embryology • Oocyte: 16-24 h • Spermatozoa 30-48 h • Two-cell stage Day 1 • Eight-cell stage Day 2,5

  3. Embryology • Morula (8-16 cells) Day 3 (uterus) • Blastocyst Days 6 to 7 • Elongation Days 11 to 16 • Early placentation Days 14 to 18

  4. Embriology Senger, 2006

  5. Embryology • Interferon tau(Ovine trophoblast protein 1): Day 12 • antiviral, immunosuppressive, antiproliferative and antiluteolytic activity (stabilize P4R and/or E2ROxytocin Rno PGFCLG

  6. Interferon-tau Senger, 2006

  7. Embryology • Intrauterinemigration • Binucleategiantcells: PSPB, PAG

  8. Migration of binucleate giant cells Senger, 2006

  9. Embryology • Semiplacenta multiplex (cotilyca) • Epitheliochorialis (syndesmochorialis) placenta • Placenta dependens: Day 50

  10. Semiplacenta cotylica Senger, 2006

  11. Semiplacenta cotylica Senger, 2006

  12. Semiplacenta cotylica Drost, 1967

  13. Formation of the fetal membranes

  14. Formation of the fetal membranes

  15. Formation of the fetal membranes

  16. Formation of the fetal membranes

  17. Formation of the foetal membranes Senger, 2006

  18. Embryology • Termination of pregnancy: no from Day 50 • ovariectomia • PGF2a

  19. Duration of pregnancy • Days 145 to 155

  20. Pregnancy diagnosis Ewe

  21. Use of a harness and crayon on the ram • The color of the crayon: changing every 14 to 16 days • Interpretation: • very lights marks (can be undetected) • not all ewes are pregnant

  22. Balottment and subjective external examination • 12 – 24 h fasting • Days 90 to 130 of pregnancy: 80 to 95% accurate. • The number of fetuses cannot be determined accurately, this limits its usefulness.

  23. Rectal abdominal palpation • lubricated glass rod (1,5 cm and 50 cm) • fasting: 12 h • 150 ewes/day • Days 85-100: 100% • Disadvantage: • low accuracy for fetal numbers • hazardous: rectal injury, abortion

  24. Rectal abdominal palpation

  25. Vaginal biopsy • 93 to 97% accurate after 40 days of gestation • Nonpregnancy: 81% accurate • 100% after 80 days of gestation

  26. Radiology: Mobil units • fetal skeleton: well classified by Day 80 • 400-600 ewes/day • pregnancy diagnosis: 100% • Fetal number: 90 % (94-100%) • Disadvantage: cost and hazardous

  27. Blood progesterone assay • Pregnant: 3,7 ng/ml, non-pregnant: 1 ng/ml • Days 18-22: 82-84%

  28. Progesterone profiles in the ewe Senger, 2006

  29. P4 profil during the cycle Senger, 2006

  30. Ovarian artery and UOV Senger, 2006

  31. Ovarian artery and UOV Senger, 2006

  32. Accuracy of progesterone test

  33. Progesterone test Karen et al., 2001

  34. P4 (ng/ml) Karen et al., 2001

  35. Estrone sulphate test: • detectable around Day 70 (0.1-0.7 ng/ml) • steady increase until 2 days before lambing (15-50 ng/ml) • pregnancy: 87.9% • non-pregnancy: 44% • not reliable for prediction of fetal numbers

  36. Ovine placental lactogen • Day 64: 97% és 100%

  37. Placental lactogen near term Senger, 2006

  38. Pregnancy proteins • PAG • PSPB

  39. Binucleate giant cells Senger, 2006

  40. PAG (ng/ml) Karen et al., 2001)

  41. Accuracy of P4 and PAG tests PAG P4 Karen et al., 2001

  42. Pregnancy-specific proteins • PSPB: 100% and 83% betweenDays 26 – 106 • single: 71%, twin: 81% betweenDays 60-120

  43. Ultrasonic techniques A-mode • 100% after Days 60 to 70 of pregnancy • Nonpregnancy: 80 to 90% accurate

  44. Ultrasonic techniques Doppler technique: • Days 40 – 80: 60% • Days > 80: > 90% • Rectal examination: Days 35 to 55: 97%

  45. Ultrasonic techniques Real-time, B-mode ultrasonography • Day 29: 97,7%-99,1% • Rectal examination: from Day 25: 91% • Twin pregnancy: /Days 45 to 50/: 98.9%

  46. A. Transabdominal ultrasonography (3.5 or 5 MHz) • Accurate (40 to 90 after AI): • •Simple pregnancy diagnosis • • Determination of fetal numbers • Disadvantage • Shaving the ventral abdomen (some breeds)

  47. B. Transrectal Ultrasonography (5MHz) Embryonic vesicle Days 17-19 after A1

  48. INTRODUCTION (contd) B. Transrectal Ultrasonography Embryonic vesicle Days 17-19 after A1

  49. INTRODUCTION (contd) B. Transrectal Ultrasonography Embryo proper Days 24-34 after A1

  50. INTRODUCTION (contd) B. Transrectal Ultrasonography Placentome Days 30-32 after A1

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