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Recognize the patterns and different approaches to agriculture development in Malaysia

MALAYSIAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT. Objective:. Recognize the patterns and different approaches to agriculture development in Malaysia. AGRICULTURE FOOD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES in the 60’s – agriculture is purely for production and own consumption

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Recognize the patterns and different approaches to agriculture development in Malaysia

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  1. MALAYSIAN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Objective: Recognize the patterns and different approaches to agriculture development in Malaysia

  2. AGRICULTURE FOOD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES • in the 60’s – agriculture is purely for production and own consumption • in the 80’s – agriculture include downstream activities • In the 90’s – Further value added activities & trade • In the 2000’s – the new supply chain management • Farm to consumer/fork/ table/fridge

  3. Agriculture development : Current status • agricultural commodity crops – the best with oil palm, rubber (previous lectures) • food commodity crop – stagnant (food security?) • downstream activities – still room for improvement • fishing – inshore fishing & moving into deep sea fishing • aquaculture –ponds, lake, mining pool • to be tapped - marine aquaculture & recreational fishing • agro-tourism – not fully exploited

  4. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY/PLANS National Agriculture Policy 1 (NAP 1) 1984-1991 National Agriculture Policy 2 (NAP 2) 1992-1997 National Agriculture Policy 3 (NAP 3) 1998-2010 National Agriculture Policy 4 (NAP 4) 2011-2020 (Agro-food Policy) Agriculture NKEA

  5. National Agriculture Policy 1 (NAP 1) 1984-1991 • Focus: expansionary policies on export crops, oil palm and cocoa • investments in infrastructure to • earn foreign exchange, • create employment and income earning opportunities, • reduce poverty. • in-situ development to resolve • the problems of uneconomic farm size, • non-remunerative crops • low productivity especially among smallholders.

  6. National Agriculture Policy 1 (NAP 1) 1984-1991 • improve small holder through • subsidy • Training • new technology transfer • commercial concept • BUT rapid expansion of the manufacturing sector stagnated the agricultural sector • problems during NAP1; • labour shortages and rising wages, • increasing competition of land use • biased policies towards industrialisation • outflow of resources from agriculture.

  7. National Agriculture Policy 2 (NAP 2) 1992-1998 • productivity, efficiency and competitiveness issues in the context of sustainable development and linkages with other sectors of the economy • medium and long term strategies for expanding food production, • greater role of the private sector (promote private investment in agriculture) • marketing reform • accelerated agro-based industrial development • intensification efforts to liberalize the agricultural sector • National Forestry Policy revised to emphasize on • biological diversity, • conservation and • sustainable management of forests

  8. National Agriculture Policy 2 (NAP 2) 1992-1998 • BUT the1997 economic crisis introduced constraints • the high imports of food strained FOREX reserves • NAP2 did not anticipate adequately address the problems • NAP2 lacks focus on priority areas of agricultural development, a plan of action and mechanisms for its implementation • WTO & AFTA changes the rules of economic trading games

  9. National Agriculture Policy 2 (NAP 2) 1992-1998 • new issues and challenges in the agricultural sector; • acute labour shortage, • limited availability of suitable land • increasing cost of production arising from intersectoral competition for resources • intense competition in the global market resulting from trade liberalisation • Need to formulate of new policies and strategies to • strengthen the sector's to changes in external factors • enhance its global competitiveness • ensure continuous growth of Malaysian agriculture

  10. National Agriculture Policy 3 (NAP 3) 1998-2010 • a. to enhance food security; • b. to increase productivity and competitiveness of the sector; • c. to deepen linkages with other sectors; • d. to create new sources of growth for the sector; and • e. to conserve and utilise natural resources on a sustainable basis • two new strategic approaches are adopted • Agro-forestry approach - mutually compatible and complementary, a scope for joint development thus addressing the increasingly scarce resources including land and raw material availability • product-based approach - to reinforce and complement the cluster-based agro-industrial development as identified in the Second Industrial Master Plan 1996-2005 through strengthening both inter and intra-sectoral linkages

  11. National Agriculture Policy 3 (NAP 3) 1998-2010 • Product-based approach • to serve markets that are of higher value and more segmented • emphasizes in satisfying the specific needs of niche markets and consumers world-wide • key products and markets are identified based on market demand, preferences and potential • market demand and preferences are translated into strategies for upstream primary agricultural production to enhance production and marketing of the agricultural produce

  12. National Agriculture Policy 3 (NAP 3) 1998-2010 • the policy thrusts of the NAP3 are: • meeting national food requirement • enhancing competitiveness and profitability in agriculture and forestry • enhancing the integrated development of the food and industrial crop subsectors • strengthening economic foundation • adopting sustainable development

  13. Development Expenditure and Allocation for Agriculture, 2001-2010 (RM million)

  14. DASAR AGRO MAKANAN(DAM 2011 - 2020) 15

  15. EVOLUSI DASAR PERTANIAN NEGARA • Jaminan bekalan makanan • Memperluaskan tanaman eksport (kelapa sawit, koko) DPN 1 (1984 - 1991) • Jaminan bekalan makanan • Meningkatkan produktiviti dan daya saing • Mengeratkan pertalian dengan sektor-sektor lain DPN 2 (1992 - 1997) • Jaminan bekalan makanan • Pembangunan industri pertanian moden, • dinamik dan berdayasaing – pedekatan pehutani • dan produk DPN 3 (1998 - 2010) • Merangkumi semua jenis tanaman termasuk • tanaman perladangan • MOA : Dasar Agro-Makanan (Ke EPU) • Jaminan bekalan makanan • Peningkatan pendapatan • Pendekatan keseluruhan rantaian nilai DPN 4 (2011 - 2020)

  16. FAKTOR MENGEKANG PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR AGROMAKANAN 2000 -2010 • Sumber Tanah Yang Terhad -Tanah yang sesuaiuntukpertaniansemakinterhaddisampingpersaingangunatanahdengansektor-sektor lain mengekangusahauntukmemajukanpertaniansecarakomersildanberskalabesar. Keluasankawasanpaselpadimenurunsebanyak 5% daripada 467 ribuhektarpadatahun 2000 kepada 444 ribuhektarpadatahun 2010 akibatpenukarankawasantanaman padi kepada tanaman lain seperti kelapa sawit atau kepada kawasan kediaman, industridanpembangunan yang lain. Kawasansayur pula berkurangansebanyak 1.2% daripada 34 ribuhektarpadatahun 2000 kepada 30 ribuhektarpadatahun 2010 akibatprosesurbanisasi.

  17. FAKTOR MENGEKANG PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR AGROMAKANAN 2000 -2010 2. KekuranganDayaSaing Dan Produktiviti Yang Rendah Antarafaktor yang menyebabkanproduktivitirendah: pengeluaranberskalakecil, bilanganpengusaha yang ramaidankekuranganpenggunaanteknologi; benihdanbakatradisi yang masihdigunakanmengeluarkanhasil yang rendah; bekalanbenihdanbakaternakanberkualiti yang sukardidapatidalamnegaramemberikesan ke atas usaha peningkatan produktiviti. Pengusaha terpaksa mendapat bekalan melalui import padaharga yang tinggi.

  18. FAKTOR MENGEKANG PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR AGROMAKANAN 2000 -2010 3. Peningkatan Kos Pelaburandalamsektoragromakananmemerlukan modal yang tinggi. Sebagaicontoh, kospelaburanbagivesellautdalamtelahmencatatkanpeningkatansebanyaktiga kali gandaiaitudaripada RM600 ribu pada tahun 2000 kepada RM1.8 juta pada tahun 2010. Kenaikan harga input terutamanyabaja, racunperosak, petrol dan diesel telahmenjadibebanankepadaparapengusaha. 4. KekuranganTenagaKerja Dan KebergantunganKepadaPekerjaAsing Pergantungansektoragromakanankepadatenagakerjaasingsemakinmeningkat melebihi lima kali gandadaripada 45,000 orangpadatahun 2005 kepada 233,400 orang padatahun 2010. 5. InsidenPerosak Dan Penyakit Yang Tinggi Keadaaniklimnegara yang keringdanlembapmenggalakkanpembiakanseranggadan penyakittanaman, ternakandanakuakulturseterusnyamenjejaskanpengeluarandan eksport. Perosakdanpenyakitutama yang telahdikenalpastibagitanamanbuahbuahan adalahlalatbuah (Bactrocera spp.), nematod, penyakitmatirosotbetik, nangka danbuahnaga, penyakitlayufusariumdanlayubakteria (Moko) padatanamanpisang serta Citrus Greening padatanamanlimau.

  19. FAKTOR MENGEKANG PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR AGROMAKANAN 2000 -2010 • PenglibatanSektorSwasta Yang MasihRendah Pembiayaan sub sektoragromakananolehsektorperbankanmasihrendah. Hanya 20% oleh Bank Perdagangan, 8% oleh bank saudagardan 21% olehsyarikatkewangan. PinjamansektorpertanianolehAgrobankjugamasihrendahiaitu 41% daripadajumlahkeseluruhanpembiayaansektorpertanianoleh Bank Perdagangan. Antarafaktor-faktor yang mempengaruhipenglibatansektorswasta yang rendahadalahtanggapanbahawasektoragromakananberisikotinggisertapulanganrendahdanlambat.

  20. DAM (2011-2020) RangkaTransformasiSektor Agro MakananDalamEkonomiBerpendapatanTinggi Jaminan Bekalan Makanan Peningkatan Pendapatan 21

  21. JENIS BUAH-BUAHAN YANG DIFOKUSKAN DALAM DAM Buah untuk dieksport : - Nanas, belimbing, tembikai, betik, pisang dan nangka Buah untuk pemprosesan : - Nanas, nangka dan durian (sejukbeku) Buah untuk eksport jangka masa panjang : - Durian, rambutan dan manggis 22

  22. JENIS SAYUR-SAYURAN YANG DIFOKUSKAN DALAM DAM Cili Tomato Jagung Sayuran daun 23 23 23

  23. JENIS HERBA DAN REMPAH RATUS YANG DIFOKUSKAN DALAM DAM 24 * Herba yang difokuskan dalam NKEA

  24. SASARAN INDUSTRI : PADI 25

  25. SASARAN INDUSTRI :BUAH-BUAHAN & SAYUR-SAYURAN 26

  26. SASARAN INDUSTRI :HERBA, REMPAH RATUS DAN CENDAWAN 27

  27. National Key Economic Area (NKEA) - AGRICULTURE 28

  28. There are 12 National Key Economic Areas that were jointly identified by the private and public sectors to kickstart the Economic Transformation Programme. These NKEAs represent economic sectors that will drive the highest possible income over the next ten years.  Focus on these NKEAs will ensure that high impact projects, together with policy support and incentives from the government, will collectively contribute towards Malaysia achieving its goal of becoming developed nation by 2020.

  29. National Key Economic Area (NKEA) - AGRICULTURE • 16 Entry Point Projects + 11 Business Opportunities • + GNI RM28.9 bil (Total RM49.1bil) • 75 ribu peluang pekerjaan pada 2020

  30. SENARAI 16 EPP DOA adalah owner project dalam EPP1 dan EPP7. 31

  31. SENARAI 16 EPP Sambungan … DOA adalah owner project dalam EPP9, 10, 11 dan EPP14. 32

  32. SENARAI EPP BERKAITAN TANAMAN

  33. JENIS BUAH-BUAHAN YANG DIFOKUS DALAM NKEA Nanas

  34. JENIS SAYUR-SAYURAN YANG DIFOKUSKAN DALAM NKEA • Tomato • Capsicum • Lettuce

  35. JENIS HERBA YANG DIFOKUSKAN DALAM NKEA

  36. TARGET LOCATION FOR EPP’s DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE COUNTRY 38

  37. RUMUSAN BOLEH KAH DASAR / INISIATIF KERAJAAN TERCAPAI ? BOLEH KAH KITA MENCAPAI V2020 ? 39

  38. SEKIAN TERIMA KASIH

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