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Species Interactions

Species Interactions. Miller 8-3. Five basic types of interactions. Interspecific competition Predation Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism. Competition. Between members of the same species for resources such as food, water and shelter. Often solved by establishing territories.

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Species Interactions

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  1. Species Interactions Miller 8-3

  2. Five basic types of interactions • Interspecific competition • Predation • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism

  3. Competition • Between members of the same species for resources such as food, water and shelter. • Often solved by establishing territories Grey Wolf – large territory House Wren – small territory

  4. Interspecific competition House Wren • Competition between different species for one or more resources • Often these species are very much alike – they occupy similar niches • Competitive Exclusion Principle – niches can not overlap completely or for very long Bewick’s Wren

  5. Predator – Prey Interactions • Members of one species (predator) feed directly on members of another species (prey) • Often beneficial to the prey species.

  6. How do predators increase their chances of getting prey? • Pursuit – adaptations that allow the running down of prey. Fast, good eyesight, hunting cooperatively • Ambush – hide and ambush. Camouflage

  7. How do prey defend themselves? • Move fast • See or smell well • Protective shells • Thick bark • Spines • Camouflage • Chemical warfare Coral snake (poisonous) and milk snake

  8. Snake caterpillar Canyon tree frog

  9. Clown Fish is not bothered by stinging cells of Anemone. It gets it’s food as leftovers from the Anemone. The clown fish protects the anemone from predators

  10. Symbiosis • Long term relationship of two species living together • Three types • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism

  11. Mutualism • Both species benefit from the interaction Lichen – Fungus provides attachment to the rock or tree and algae does photosynthesis to make food for both

  12. Commensalism • Benefits one species, but does not benefit or harm the other species Orchids are epiphytes

  13. Parasitism • When one species (parasite) feeds on part of another species (host) • One benefits and one is harmed

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