The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century

1. The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1660-1798

2. Age of Reason - Enlightenment The plague was carried by rats from ships that sailed abroad. Less than a year after the plague, The Great Fire of 1666 set most of London ablaze. The fire started in a bakery and destroyed 13,000 houses and 88 churches in four days. The plague was carried by rats from ships that sailed abroad. Less than a year after the plague, The Great Fire of 1666 set most of London ablaze. The fire started in a bakery and destroyed 13,000 houses and 88 churches in four days. The plague was carried by rats from ships that sailed abroad. Less than a year after the plague, The Great Fire of 1666 set most of London ablaze. The fire started in a bakery and destroyed 13,000 houses and 88 churches in four days. The plague was carried by rats from ships that sailed abroad. Less than a year after the plague, The Great Fire of 1666 set most of London ablaze. The fire started in a bakery and destroyed 13,000 houses and 88 churches in four days.

3. POLITICS�The Stuarts

4. POLITICS�The Stuarts

5. POLITICS�The Stuarts

6. POLITICS�The Georgians George I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s EarGeorge I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s Ear

7. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION George I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s EarGeorge I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s Ear

8. NEOCLASSICISM George I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s EarGeorge I: Modern government began George II: War of Jenkin�s Ear

9. John Dryden

10. John Dryden Defn: essay, formal essay, informal (personal) essay, thesis, Accomplished poet, playwright, critic, and translator Born into a large family but received a formal gentleman�s education Wrote poems about occasions rather than feelings

11. Aphra Behn �All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds.� Virginia Woolf

12. Aphra Behn England�s first professional female writer little is known of her early life served as a spy for King Charles II spent 1668 in a London debtors� prison first successful play was The Forced Marriage, a roman melodrama

13. Aphra Behn in 1682 arrested for writing a satire about Charles II�s son turned to writing poetry and fiction famous novel Oroonoko: or The Royal Slave Defn: comedy, inversion, rhyme scheme (meter), tone, satire

14. Jonathan Swift �I have been assured by a very knowing American�that a young healthy child, well nursed, is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled�� Jonathan Swift from �A Modest Proposal�

15. Jonathan Swift Considered one of the world�s finest satirists born in Dublin, Ireland; could read @ age 3 suffered from depression & barely graduated from Trinity College secretary to Sir William Temple became an Anglican priest @ the urging of King William III

16. Jonathan Swift Returned to his position as secretary began writing for The Tattler, a popular English periodical named dean of Dublin�s St. Patrick�s Cathedral @ age 46 wrote political pamphlets protesting the English government�s policy on Ireland Defn: satire, understatement, irony, purpose, parody, symbol

17. Jonathan Swift First published in Dublin in 1729 English landlords owned much of Ireland�s property Blamed England: 1) charged high rent, imposed high taxes, restricted trade Resented the English attitude toward Catholics

18. �A Modest Proposal�

19. Gulliver�s Travels

20. Alexander Pope �An honest man [is] the noblest work of God.� Alexander Pope from An Essay on Man

21. Alexander Pope Faced and defeated many obstacles in life: TB of the spine left him under 5 feet tall his Catholic faith kept him from attending England�s universities self-educated at age 23 wrote An Essay on Criticism which earned him both powerful enemies and influential friends

22. Alexander Pope In his early thirties began translating ancient Greek poetry other great works included The Rape of the Lock and An Essay on Man master of the heroic couplete Defn: verse epistle, neoclassicists, epigram, aphorism, metaphor, couplet, heroic couplet

23. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

24. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Defied social customs taught herself to read Latin refused to marry the man her father had chosen & eloped moved to Turkey when her husband, Edward Wortley Montagu, was appointed ambassador in Turkey she learned the language, visited mosques, befriended harem women

25. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Upon returning to England, she pushed doctors to immunize children against smallpox after 25 years of marriage, she separated from her husband and moved to Italy and France Defn: journal, aphorism, metaphor, extended metaphor, argument

26. Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele

27. Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele One of the most successful literary partnerships of all time formed a friendship at Charterhouse School and continued at Oxford University created The Tatler, an essay-based periodical, which was later discontinued for political reasons launched The Spectator, a non-political essay-based periodical Defn: periodical essay, caricature, informal essay

28. From The Spectator

29. Samuel Pepys

30. Samuel Pepys Fifth son of a London tailor attended Cambridge University on scholarship married a French woman employed as Edward Wortley Montagu�s personal secretary recognized for his contributions to the British navy and eventually became Secretary of the Admiralty elected to Parliament served time in the Tower of London for allegedly passing secrets to the French

31. Samuel Pepys Began writing his diary on New Year�s Day 1660 continued for 9 years though failing eyesight kept him from continuing his diary, his gov�t career continued successfully Defn: mood, diary, images, sensory details

32. Daniel Defoe

33. Daniel Defoe Son of a Protestant Dissenter, he abandoned the ministry to become a merchant his various schemes included making hosiery, brickmaking, and breeding civets joined a rebellion again Catholic King James II published controversial political pamphlets, one of which earned him a sentence to the pillory later jailed for another pamphlet but was rescued by Robert Hartley, for whom Defoe began to spy

34. Daniel Defoe Defn: narrator, first-person point of view, tone, historical fiction, motivation

35. From A Journal of the Plague Year

36. Thomas Gray

37. Thomas Gray Studied at Eton then Cambridge University led a quiet life only 13 poems published in his lifetime turned down the honor of Poet Laureate Defn: elegy, allusion, neoclassicism, romanticism, mood, image, epitaph

38. �Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard�

39. Samuel Johnson �X. A letter which, though found in Saxon words, begins no word in the English language.� Samuel Johnson from A Dictionary of the English Language

40. Samuel Johnson Son of a bookseller contracted TB which left him deaf in one ear, almost blind in one eye, and physically scarred an extremely bright student, he saved to attend Oxford University but didn�t have enough money to graduate married a woman 20 years his senior and opened a school wrote a few essays and founded the short-lived The Rambler

41. Samuel Johnson His best-known work is A Dictionary of the English Language with over 40,000 entries at age 50, granted a life-time pension from King George III Defn: purpose, metaphor, tone, style, diction

42. From A Dictionary of the English Language

43. James Boswell

44. James Boswell Born into a well-to-do family disliked school so was taught by a series of tutors a great friend of Samuel Johnson toured Europe and wrote an account of Corsica�s struggle for independence practiced law best known for his work The Life of Samuel Johnson died before his literary efforts were recognized for their contributions Defn: biography, tone, purpose

45. From The Life of Samuel Johnson

46. Fanny Burney

47. Fanny Burney Received popular success for her novels Evelina and Cecilia accepted a position in the court of Queen Charlotte at age 41, married General Alexandre d�Arblay had one child at age 42 today, she is best know for her diaries and letters Defn: epistolary novel, wit, motivation, inference, dialogue, tag line

48. From The Diary of Fanny Burney