Implementation of IMO´s BWMC in Norway

1. ImplementationofIMO´s BWMC in Norway Geir Høvik Hansen Karin Margrethe Vedø

2. Ballast Water Facts • Transportationofgoodsworldwide: 80% onships • Ballast water (fresh, brackish or seawater) – stabilization and weightcontrol • Annualrelease in the order of 10 billion tons • Up to 200 000 m3 per ship • Introductionofnewspecies to new locations • At least 3-4000 speciescontinouslyontheway

3. Introducedspecies per region Gollasch, 2008

4. Introducedspecies: Chatonella sp. (alga) Situation in May 1998 (Photo courtesy of Remote Sensing group at CCMS Plymouth Marine Laboratory)

5. Introducedspecies: Mnemiopsisleidy(North-West Atlantic combjelly) • Introduced by wayof ballast water to the Black Sea • Catastrophiceffectsonfisheries • Demonstrated in Skagerrak and thewest-coastofNorway • Probable causeofdeath in salmon farms in 2008

6. Challenges to be met in Norwegian waters

7. Basis for introducingnationalregulationson ballast water • Increasedconcernaboutintroducedinvasivespecies in thepopulation • Politicalpressure • Governmentalwillingness to establishnationalregulations prior to entryintoforceofthe BWMC • In order not to disfavourNorwegianships to foreign: • Regulation D-1: Ballast Water Exchange Standard mandatory • Regulation D-2: Ballast Water Performance Standard voluntary

8. The ratification process • BWMC adopted in 2004 • The Government • October 2006 • The Parliament • December 2006 – legal base for the regulation

9. Regulation on BWM – the process • Assignment to the Maritime Administration • Reports from the DNV • Draft regulation • Public consultation • Regulation sanctioned • Proposed amendments and new public consultation • Entry into force

10. Regulation on BWM - scope • Scope of application • All ships constructed to carry BW (Norwegain and foreign) • Territorial waters and economic zone, including territorial waters surrounding Spitzbergen and Jan Mayen • Except: • Ships exclusively sailing in Norwegian territorial waters and economic zone • Ships with permanent BW in sealed tanks • Ships <50 m and max 8 m3 BW-capacity • Norwegian BW regulation in English

11. Regulation on BWM - exceptions • Exceptions • Ingress or discharge allowed if • Resulting from damage to ship or equipment • Necessary for safety of ship or lives • Ad hoc more stringent regulations • Increased risk • NMD may grant exemptions • Application • Necessary for specific reasons • Justifiable

12. Regulation on BWM – BW exchange • 95% volumetric exchange • 200 nm from nearest land and 200 m depth • 50 nm from nearest land and 200 m depth • Designated areas • Territorial waters

13. Regulation on BWM – exchange areas • Criteria for designated areas • Navigational constraints • Risk assessment • Oceanographic • Physicochemical • Biological • Important resources • BW operations

14. Regions and areas for BWM The region consists of the following areas: I The Barents Sea andthe Norwegian Sea II The North Sea

15. Designated BW exchange areas

16. Regulation on BWM – treatment • Voluntary • Approved technology • Performance standard (D-2) • Prototype technology test programmes

17. Regulation on BWM – reception facilities • Assessment of BW exchange in harbours

18. Regulation on BWM – BWM plan • Each ship • Specific and detailed • Officers in charge • Language • Approval

19. Regulation on BWM – record book • Ballast water operations • Accidental or other exceptional discharge • Language

20. Regulation – survey & certification • Norwegian ships • Gross tonnage of 400 and above • Utilising BW treatment technologies • Exception: mobile offshore units

21. Enforcementofthe BWM regulation The Norwegian ballast water regulation enters into force 1 July 2010 §9: Each ship shall have on board a ballast water and sediment management plan (BWMP) Due to time needed for approval of BWMPs, a letter of confirmation will be accepted stating receiving of the application at the class society Expected time schedule for approval must be included in the letter of confirmation NMD anticipates that the ship follows the BWMP and that this is logged

22. Enforcementofthe BWM regulation – Fines Administrative fines may be imposedon a master, onother persons workingonboard, onthe shipping company and others for breachingthe shipping company’sduties in respectofenvironmentalsafety Fine value: 60 000 NOK or above; individuals 15-45.000 NOK In case ofseriousenvironmentalcrime: imprisonment for a term not exceedingtwoyears.

23. BWM – Impactstudy • Curentimpactstudy: focusedon BW exchange • Economicimpacts • Industry: BWMP, <30 000 NOK per ship • Maritime Administration: 2-3 man-year • Benefit: Assumedreduced risk for introducingharmfulinvasivespecies, especially at thegreatoil and gas terminals • Concludedthatthebenefitswillexceedthe total costs • Whenincorporating ballast water performance standard, D-2, expandedimpactstudynecessary

24. Recognised problems during the legislative process Detectionofviolations – compliancecontrol? Exchange areas – risk reducingeffect? Fishingvessels (RSW tanks)

25. Conclusion • Limited effect until treatment is required • Exceptions, exemptions • Fines may have preventive effect • Industry: Incentive to start theprocessof BWM implementation • Basis for full implementationoftheconventionuponentryintoforce

26. The Norwegian Maritime Directorate www.sjofartsdir.no