Standard Grade Revision

1. Man-made. • H H H H H H • - C - C - C – C – C – C – • H H H H H H • (c) Able to be broken down by naturally occurring bacteria. Standard Grade Revision Q1. Some plastic bags are made from a synthetic polymer called polythene. (a) What is meant by the term synthetic? (b) Draw a section of polythene showing three monomer units joined together. (c) Polythene is not biodegradable. What is meant by biodegradable? Unit 13 Standard Grade Chemistry

2. Unit 13 Revision Q2 Ethene is used to make a variety of products. Some of these are shown below. • Write the molecular formula for ethylene glycol. • Name substance X. • Poly(ethene) is a thermoplastic polymer. • What is meant by the term ‘thermoplastic’? • Name the process by which ethene is made from long chain • hydrocarbon molecules. (a) C2H6O2. (b) Water. (c) Softens on heating. (d) Cracking. Standard Grade Chemistry

3. Use of poly(ethene) % used pipes 10 films 14 blow moulding 8 injection moulding 28 other uses 40 Unit 13 Revision Q3. The handle of the cooking pot is made of a polymer that does not melt when it gets hot. What term is used to describe this type of polymer? Thermosetting polymer. Q4. Poly(ethene) is the most widely used polymer in the word. 10% is used for pipes and 14% for films. Blow moulding uses 8% and injection moulding another 28%. Other uses account for the remaining 40%. Construct a table with two headings to show all of this information. Standard Grade Chemistry

4. H H • C = C • H CN • (b) Hydrogen cyanide. Unit 13 Revision. Q4. Teflon is a brand name for the plastic poly(tetrafluoroethene). (a) Name the type of chemical reaction used to make plastics. (b) Name the monomer used to make poly(tetrafluoroethene). • Polymerisation. • (b) Tetrafluoroethene Q5. The structure of part of a polyacrylonitrile molecule is shown below. • Draw the structural formula for the monomer used to make polyacrylonitrile. • (b) Name the toxic gas produced when polyacrylonitrile burns. Standard Grade Chemistry

5. (a) (i) Addition reaction. • (ii) Br Br H • H – C – C – C – H • H H H • CH3 H CH3 H CH3 H • - C - C - C - C - C - C - • H H H H H H Q6. Propene has the structural formula shown below.  Propene quickly decolourises bromine water, Br2(aq).  (a) (i) Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when propene reacts with bromine water. (ii) Draw the full structural formula for the product of the reaction. (b) Propene can be converted into the polymer, poly(propene). Complete the diagram to show how three propene molecules join to form part of the polymer chain. Standard Grade Chemistry

6. Cracking. • (b) (i) H H • - C - C – • Cl H • (ii) Hydrogen chloride. Unit 13 Revision. Q. 7 Ethene is a starting material in the manufacture of the polymer poly(vinylchloride), PVC. (a) Name the process used to make ethene from hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil. (b) Part of a PVC polymer molecule is shown below. H H H H H H -C - C - C - C - C - C - Cl H Cl H Cl H (i) Draw the structure of the repeating unit in a PVC molecule. (ii) Name a toxic gas produced when PVC burns. Standard Grade Chemistry

7. H COOCH3 • C = C • H CN • (b) Hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Unit 13 Revision. Q8. When superglue sets a polymer is formed. The polymer has the following structure. H COOCH3 H COOCH3 H COOCH3 — C — C — C — C — C — C — H CN H CN H CN (a) Draw the structural formula for the monomer in superglue. (b)Name two toxic gases given off when superglue burns. Standard Grade Chemistry