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Contest for Dominance in the Central City

Contest for Dominance in the Central City. New Haven. Atlanta. Who Governs In The Age Of Urban Restructuring?. Elite Model Hunter – Atlanta Pluralist Model Dahl – New Haven Conflict between the two models led to disaray in urban political theory. Regime Theory Brings Order.

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Contest for Dominance in the Central City

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  1. Contest for Dominance in theCentral City New Haven Atlanta

  2. Who Governs In The Age Of Urban Restructuring? • Elite Model • Hunter – Atlanta • Pluralist Model • Dahl – New Haven • Conflict between the two models led to disaray in urban political theory

  3. Regime Theory Brings Order • Clarence Stone: again Atlanta • Addresses considerations that led to disarray • Role of business and entrepreneurs • Importance of non-decisions • Variety of influence relationships exist and structure power in the city

  4. Different Regimes for Different Cities • Entrepreneurial or corporate regime • Growth • Industrialization • Attract those with money to spend

  5. Different Regimes for Different Cities • Progressive regime • Participation emphasized • Safety net issues at forefront

  6. The Emergence of Functional Fiefdoms in Metropolitan Areas • Global Capital submerges local interests • Growth Machine Theory empowers technocrats • Metropolitan area viewed as having a unitary interest • Protect regional exports • Attract new investment capital • New York City Port Authority – best known and most powerful

  7. Commissioners of the New York Port Authority - Demographs that fall under the port authority’s control have no direct influence on the power and policies implemented by the Port Authority, but they do have a indirect voice thorough their respective Governors. Kenneth J. Ringler Jr. Executive Director Christine A. Ferer Commissioner, New York Anthony R. Coscia Chairman Michael J. Chasanoff Commissioner, New York Charles A. Gargano Vice Chairman Bruce A. Blakeman Commissioner, New York

  8. More Commissioners of the New York Port Authority Angelo J. Genova, Esq. Commissioner, New Jersey Raymond M. Pocino Commissioner, New Jersey Henry R. Silverman Commissioner, New York David S. Steiner Commissioner, New Jersey David S. Mack Commissioner, New York Anthony J. Sartor Commissioner, New Jersey Jack G. Sinagra Commissioner, New Jersey

  9. List of Facilities Managed by the Port Authority • Bridges and Tunnels- Every river crossing between the city of New York and the state of New Jersey is operated by the PANYNJ. Together they carry more than 250 million vehicular crossings each year. • Airports-The three major airports – Newark, John F Kennedy and La Guardia – handled 34.2, 32.8 and 25.5 million passengers respectively in 2000, making New York a global air transport hub ranking alongside London and Tokyo • Maritime terminals-Seven public terminals, most of them located along the New York Harbor and Newark Bay, are managed by the PANYNJ, including Port Elizabeth, Port Newark, Howland Hook, Red Hook and others

  10. The Strong Mayor As An Antidote for Functional Fiefdoms I • Preconditions for strong mayoral leadership • Resources to launch social program • City jurisdiction in vital programs (housing, education, redevelopment, job training) • Mayoral jurisdiction, within city, over above • Salary that allows for full time mayor

  11. The Strong Mayor As An Antidote for Functional Fiefdoms II • Strong staff support for the mayor for tasks such as policy planning, speech writing, inter-governmental relations • Ready vehicles of publicity • Politically oriented groups that mayor can organize

  12. Styles of Mayoral Leadership • Ceremonial Mayor • Caretaker Mayor • Program Entrepreneur • Crusader Mayor • Minority Mayor

  13. Responsiveness and Local Executive Leadership • Critical Question : • To whom is the mayor responsive? • Or not responsive

  14. Non Responsiveness: to whom? - Minorities?? • African-American middle class - by engaging in community organization, direct political action and electoral have been able to get into the governing coalitions • Similar pattern with Hispanics

  15. Non Responsiveness: to whom? - Underclass • African-American mayors, despite increasing public sector employment, have yet to make substantial improvements in living conditions of underclass • Underclass of Hispanics and Asian Americans remain part of the underpriviledged strata

  16. Non Responsiveness: Overriding Cause • Unorganized individuals • Regardless of race or ethnicity • Seldom have their demands attended to by city governments.

  17. Decentralization: An Antidote For Non Responsiveness? • Community Action and Model Cities Program (co-opted by city hall) • Community Control • Decentralization of education • Little city halls • Neighborhood Advisory councils

  18. Despite disappointments decentralization has made it easier for citizen groups to demand new meaningful inputs into government decisions.

  19. Bias In Contemporary Urban U.S. Political Structures: Summary • Individual citizens much less influential than institutions • Individual institutions often appear as functional fiefdoms • Emergence of functional fiefdoms tends to inhibit political leadership • Bias against unorganized felt most heavily by poor and racial minorities

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