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What are mobile platforms? Why use them? Some case studies!

Lecture 22 : Deployment strategies for different optical sampling platforms: mobile platforms (AKA “ALPS). What are mobile platforms? Why use them? Some case studies! ALPS report, Rudnick and Perry (2003), http://www.geo-prose.com/ALPS/alps_rpt_12.16.03.pdf

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What are mobile platforms? Why use them? Some case studies!

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  1. Lecture 22: Deployment strategies for different optical sampling platforms: mobile platforms (AKA “ALPS) What are mobile platforms? Why use them? Some case studies! ALPS report, Rudnick and Perry (2003), http://www.geo-prose.com/ALPS/alps_rpt_12.16.03.pdf Special Issue of L&O (2008) on science from mobile platforms

  2. What are mobile platforms?*Autonomous, mobile platforms without tether to ship or land; include surface drifters, profiling floats, AUVs, gliders* Sensors – small, robust, often low-power – measure water column physics, optics, biology, chemistry and sea floor properties* Wireless communication – two-way* Networks of sensing systemsWhy use them?* Sampling is the central observational problem in oceanography* Wide range of scales requires “scalable”observational systems * Global questions require observational systems to be “long-lived”* Intermittent and regional questions require observational systems to be “portable”

  3. Surface drifter – (near) surface; good for Rrs; go with flow; more susceptible to biofouling Biofouling; Abbott ratio 683/555 as indicator of biofouling; why? No optics in Surface Velocity Drifter Programme –lost opportunity? Succession of sensors (plastic pouch & bolt cutting)?

  4. Floats – go with the flow; can park at depth to minimize biofouling ; “lite” models to pick-up truck size; weeks to years Mitchell, Solo float spring bloom, Sea of Japan, 3-channel Ed –> Kd 490 How would biofouling affect Kd?

  5. Bishop– beam c (Carbon Explorer)So. Ocean Fe fertilization How would you verifythat c ~ POC?

  6. Boss – ARGO float in Labrador Sea: bb and chl F

  7. ARGO oxygen white paper: http://www.imber.info/C_WG.htmlModel for bio-float array ?

  8. Checkley – SOLOPC optical plankton counter on SOLO float ~ 100 m – 10 mm large cells, zooplankton, flocs very different particle size structure on float vs. CTD mounted ––> role of aggregates in ocean dynamics diel patterns

  9. Gliders – lowest payload but long duration (to 7 months); add more sensors, increase drag, decrease mission length; goes slowly (neither Eulerian nor Langragian) climatology of deep chl max

  10. Rutgers Cool Room <http://marine.rutgers.edu/coolroom> New Jersey coast: beam c and bb to identify nephloid layers

  11. AUV some very large; heavy payload but short duration; goes where you want Moline: Repeat transects of bioluminescence potential off California with three time scales: A) months B) week C) day

  12. Kirkpatrick – Breve buster

  13. Floats + gliders – multiple spatial scales, redundancy of sensors Floats – Ed, Lu, ISUS nitrate, beam c, bb, chl F, T, S, O2 Gliders – T, S, O2, chl F, 2 bb

  14. Future needs* New platforms - hybrid glider/AUV, large recoverable floats, small water-following floats* New and smaller sensors – more variables (turbulence, nutrients, trace metals, dissolved gases, molecular sensing, zooplankton) – redundancy of variables – ability to go deeper (avoid biofoul; deep water “val”)* Adaptive sampling and control; multiple platforms* Improved communications – cheaper* Biofouling and internal calibration* Water sampling – for unique samples and validation* Greater accessibility

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