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Housing for the urban poor- Bangladesh perspective and BRAC initiative

Housing for the urban poor- Bangladesh perspective and BRAC initiative. 15 November 2018 3 rd ACP – EC - UN-Habitat International Conference, Brussels Md. Washim Akhter, BRAC. Bangladesh context. 147,770 km 2 56 out of 160 millions live in urban (157 million, BBS 2014)

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Housing for the urban poor- Bangladesh perspective and BRAC initiative

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  1. Housing for the urban poor- Bangladesh perspective and BRAC initiative • 15 November 2018 • 3rd ACP – EC - UN-Habitat International Conference, Brussels • Md. Washim Akhter, BRAC

  2. Bangladesh context • 147,770 km2 • 56 out of 160 millions live in urban (157 million, BBS 2014) • 30% urbanization (BBS 2016) • 21% living in urban poverty (BBS 2014) • Estimated- 50% urbanization/2050 Bangladesh

  3. Bangladesh context • Slum people increases by 60% in last 17 years (BBS slum survey 2014) • Tenure insecurity high- eviction • Not entitled for civic amenities • Poor housing, infrastructure, water and sanitation, drainage, pollution and disaster vulnerability Karail Slum, Dhaka Rural Housing, Bangladesh

  4. Bangladesh context • Urban housing deficit • 4.6 M unites for 43.43 M urban population- 2010 (HIES 2010) • 8.5 M unites for 60.00 M urban population- 2021 (projected)

  5. Bangladesh context “Housing and Basic Services” Key challenge for implementing… New Urban Agenda, Sendai Framework SDG-11 Bangladesh 5 Year Plan

  6. Urban risk- rebuilding communities • Karail fire 2016 • 495 houses burnt out of 520 damaged • 534 hh become homeless • Karail fire 2017 • 5500 houses damaged • 7500 hh affected Karail Fire- December, 2016

  7. BRAC response- rebuilding communities • Build Back Better- process: • Multi-stake coordination- quick assessment • CAP- housing as key need • BRAC, BRACU Architects and Municipality site planning (survey, plot allocation, tenure) • Participatory House design (set back) & estimate • Infrastructure plan- wide access, drains, resiliency • House construction- community lead, BRAC assisted • Livelihood recovery grants BRAC Coordination meeting on emergency response and rebuilding for fire victims- Dhaka, December 2016 Layout improved in KARAIL (partial) after Fire incidence- December, 2016

  8. BRAC response- rebuilding communities • Learning: • Multi-stake involvement- enables accountability of responsibility • Innovative design & materials used- affordable ! • Widening access, light and air circulation, easy evacuation • Tenant-owner agreement • Community involved process- faster implementation After Rebuilding of Karail Fire Affected Communities- May, 2017

  9. Urban risks- rebuilding communities Cost share • Challenges: • Housing finance- insufficient money • Non-resilient structure- temporary houses • Risks remain Approximate cost: BDT 10 million + kind USD 120,000/EURO 105,000+Kind

  10. BRAC initiative- Low-cost housing & SDG 11

  11. National Mayors’ Convention-2017 Ministry Government authorities, 100 City Mayors, NGOs, Universities, Professional Institutions, and Donors met to find solutions

  12. Low-income housing: BRAC Jhenaidah-evidence • Process: saving, mapping, design and cooperative action • Achievement: • 2 years 2015-2016 • 2 communities 47 houses • DBT 120, 000 unit budget • Learning: • Savings > revolving fund • Community-led city-wide network • Same budget/different house • House design as per people’s needs • 300+ requests in 7 wards • Challenge: Housing finance • Saving together • Plan together • Building together

  13. Low-income housing: UNDP-GoBSirajganj-evidence • Process: Community Housing Development Fund (CHDF)-lead (2012-2015) • Learning/achievement: • Revolving fund- community savings + external • CHDF in 4 cities • 1 re-settlement project for 260 hh on Gov land • Total185 houses by revolving fund (SRJ) • Loan ranging BDT 20,000-100,000 • 3000+ housing loan requests pending • Challenge: Housing finance Re-settlement project on Gov. land, Gopalganj Building (incremental) by CHDF loan, Sirajganj Land readjustment, Gopalganj

  14. Low-income housing: GOB/NHA- evidence • Low-income Community Housing Support Project- LICHSP to Improve quality of life of low-income communities • Process: community network, participatory settlement plan, LICHSP infrastructure, PKSF shelter loans • Learning/ achievement: • Tenure security focus • Basic service provision from LICHSP • Loan ranging BDT 200,500 to 500,000; 5 years loan recovery • 4 years, 3 cities, 19 communities, 5700 families (commenced in 2016 ) • Challenges: • Land tenure/land acquisition may take time • Slow process, 1 town in 2017-2018, house construction yet to start Housing in Low-income settlement, Comilla Demonstration house, Comilla

  15. National Mayors’ convention- Housing financefor people living in urban poverty • Guidance from the Minister • GoB endorsed National Housing Policy, 2016 (approved in 2017) • 10,000 NHA flats for urban poor ! • Multi-storied building in big cities to ensure housing for all ! • Government-NGO Collaboration Housing Projects for low-income communities

  16. National Mayors’ convention- Housing financefor people living in urban poverty • Parallel sessions • City planning and housing • Housing finance - Unlocking potentials • Partnership and collaboration

  17. National convention- Session 1: “City Planning” City planning and housing for the urban poor • Key Message: • Create inclusive master plans - city planning authorities make the planning process participatory, consider housing needs of the urban poor • Make specific land use provision in city plans for housing of low-income communities • Municipalities will implement housing projects for urban poor City Planning & Housing

  18. National convention- Session 2: “Housing Finance” Housing Finance- Unlocking Potentials • Key Message: • Prioritize community savings in housing schemes • Municipal budget allocationfor affordable housing for the urban poor • Need forlong-term low-interest housing loansby financial instruments- Government, Donors, NGO, and/or private sector

  19. National convention- Session 3: “Partnerships and Collaboration” • Key Message: • Establish collaboration with funding agencies • Facilitate inter-ministry coordination among Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Housing and Public Works, Ministry of Local government, etc. • Partnerships between NHA, MAB and LGIs • Engage RMG sectorto take initiative for housing for their workers Partnerships and Collaboration for Housing Finance

  20. National convention- Mayors’ Declaration Hon. Mayors and Audience, BICC, Dhaka General Secretary, MAB and City Mayors Present the Convention Declaration 1. Budget allocation by municipalities and city corporations 2. Increase budget allocation by the government and development partners 3. Develop, test, and scale sustainable housing models by different government and nongovernment organizations 4. Facilitate training and capacity developmentof local Government institutions 5. Make low-income housing a priority in local urban planning 6. Create a national platform for city authorities and relevant stakeholders for coming up with low-income housing solutions

  21. BRAC affordable housing initiative Community Actions in Khulna and Satkhira

  22. BRAC affordable housing initiative- Scale up To improve tenure security and quality of life of people living in urban poverty • Country-wide target- 20 largest cities 2017-2020 • City-wide community-led approach • Piloted in 2 most climate vulnerable- Khulna and Satkhira, BDT 11 M • 3 CDFs and 38 CDOs established, 2 community WS, 6 trainings to community, builders and local staff • Scale to 8 cities in 2018, BDT 15 M Dream House of Sushmita Das, Primary Group (PG- Savings) Member, Rajarbagan Community , Satkhira

  23. BRAC affordable housing initiative Secure Tenure and Housing- Khulna and Satkhira • Savings in 50 communities • Settlement profiling + Community mapping + SIP • 50 Dream house models by 10 communities • BDT 11 million allocation (2018 in 2 cities) from BRAC • 22+10 low-cost houses (160 beneficiaries) constructed in 2018 • 1200+ applications pending, 2 cities!! Team Building Workshop (Community Profiling) with PG Members at Boundary Community, Daulatpur, Khulna

  24. BRAC community-led housing process • BRAC low-cost housing features • Community driven • Targeted to urban poor • City-wide approach • Community network • Participatory house design and SIP • Community managed financing • Climate and disaster resilient • Cost recovery- revolving fund • Infrastructure integration with city network • BRAC + Municipal infrastructure • BRAC partnership with GoB, private sector and UN-Habitat BRAC assisted Community-led Housing Process

  25. BRAC community-led housing financing model • CDF housing funding policy • Savings membership (PG) • Tenure security (title document) • Community network- planning, house construction, housing loan and recovery agreement • Loan ranging BDT 50,000 to 200,000 • Service charge • Return period 2-3 years (recovery) • New investment (revolving fund) • Cost sharing- infrastructure

  26. Slum upgrading through community-led housing • Establish City Development Fund (CDF) committee • City-wide mapping and settlement identification • CDO request on housing and settlement/slum upgrading support to CDF • Participatory settlement improvement planning (SIP) and house design and estimation- CDF, Municipality and BRAC technical support • Tenure security and housing loan application to CDF through CDO • CDO infrastructure improvement proposal as per SIP for fund allocation from City authority and BRAC • Housing loan approval based on recommendation of PG, CDO and Councilor/city authority • MoU between CDF-CDO and CDO-HH for housing fund management • Disbursement of housing loan to HH in installments • Material purchase directly by HH and assisted by CDO • House construction, supervision and monitoring by HH and CDO • Housing loan recovery by CDO- bimonthly installments (72), 3 years loan recovery, 10% annual service charge (reducing) (6% CDF, 4% CDO) • Re-investment in housing- revolving fund • SIP implementation by CDO Date: 10 October 2018 SaraswatiMondol, Kamal Nagar, Satkhira Bangladesh

  27. BRAC community-led housing $ 1445 Dream comes true in 40 days • Date: 19 August 2018 • SaraswatiMondol, Kamal Nagar, Satkhira Bangladesh • Date: 10 October 2018 • SaraswatiMondol, Kamal Nagar, Satkhira Bangladesh

  28. BRAC community-led housing in Jhenaidah

  29. BRAC Housing finance for people living in urban poverty • Challenges to way forward: • Housing finance- scale up • Pro-poor and resilient local planning • Collaboration- Municipality, Government, NGO, Donor Dream House already prepared by the PG Members of Rajarbagan Community, Satkhira

  30. Thank you

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