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Nursuhaila Bt. Osman 173274 Sections 222-224 Old Words with New Meanings The Influence of Journalism Changes of Meaning. 222:Old Words with New Meanings. New phrase Take off , stand by , call up , kick off , sign off Shift of transitivity of verb:
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Nursuhaila Bt. Osman 173274 Sections 222-224 • Old Words with New Meanings • The Influence of Journalism • Changes of Meaning
New phrase • Take off, stand by, call up, kick off, sign off Shift of transitivity of verb: Transitive Intransitive • Transitive (need object): “I kick the football” • Intransitive (does not need object): “He transformed into a robot” or “I sing”
223:The Influences of Journalism • Newspapers and magazines spread the new words/phrases besides producing the new ones. • Their aim is to make their work more interesting by inserting the colloquial styles and slangs. • The magazines spread puns, rhymes, coinages, and hyphenated words.
224:Changes ofMeaning • There are four categories in changes of meaning: # Extension of meaning # Restriction of sense #Degeneration of meaning #Regeneration of meaning
Extension of meaning • The receivers' prediction might be wider than the original idea. • Example: Lovelyandgreat.
Restriction of sense Usually, the meaning of the word we use depends on the situation. Though it has more than one meaning. • Example:Doctor
Degeneration of Meaning Forms of degeneration: a) Original meaning is completely lost. b) The original meaning is still there, but less favourable. c) The words has changed; same meaning, but more delicate.
Regeneration of Meaning Slang Standard • Dr Johnson has recorded the words budge, coax, nonplus, shabby, stingy, squabble, tiff, touchy, andwobbly. • Thackery influenced the standardization of snobandsham.