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Introduction to internetworking

Introduction to internetworking. Part Two. Internet Protocol Suite. IP and OSI/RM Internet Protocol IP Packet Type of Service Address Resolution Protocol User Datagram Protocol Transmission Control Protocol IP addressing. IP and OSI/RM. 7. Application. telnet. ftp. smtp.

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Introduction to internetworking

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  1. Introduction to internetworking Part Two

  2. Internet Protocol Suite • IP and OSI/RM • Internet Protocol • IP Packet • Type of Service • Address Resolution Protocol • User Datagram Protocol • Transmission Control Protocol • IP addressing

  3. IP and OSI/RM 7 Application telnet ftp smtp tftp 6 Presentation 5 Session 23 21 25 69 TCP UDP 4 Transport 6 17 IP 3 Network 2 Data Link IP = Internet Protocol UDP = User Datagram Protocol 1 Physical

  4. IP Packet 0 4 8 16 19 24 31 VERS HLEN SERVICE TYPE TOTAL LENGTH FLAGS IDENTIFICATION FRAGMENT OFFSET TIME TO LIVE PROTOCOL HEADER CHECKSUM SOURCE IP ADDRESS DESTINATION IP ADDRESS IP OPTIONS (if any) PADDING DATA ...

  5. IP Type of Service Field Precedence Delay Througput Relialbility Cost MBZ 000 routine001 priority010 intermediate011 flash100 flash override101 critical110 internetwork control111 network control 0= normal1= low 0= normal1= low 0= normal1= high 0= normal1= high 0= normal1= high

  6. Address Resolution Protocol (1) 10.16.69.56 mac: 12345 10.16.69.205MAC: abcde I want to connect to 10.16.69.205what is the MAC address of 10.16.69.205?

  7. Address Resolution Protocol (2) 10.16.69.56 mac: 12345 I am 10.16.69.205my MAC address is abcde 10.16.69.205MAC: abcde

  8. UDP Datagram Source Port Destination Port Length Checksum Data 16 16 16 UDP uses no sequence or acknowledgment fields

  9. TCP Segment 0 4 10 16 24 31 SOURCE PORT DESTINATION PORT SEQUENCE NUMBER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT NUMBER reserved WINDOW HLEN CODE BITS CHECKSUM URGENT POINTER OPTIONS (if any) PADDING DATA ...

  10. TCP Three Way Handshake (1) Host A Host B 1 Send SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN)

  11. TCP Three Way Handshake (2) Host A Host B 1 Send SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN) SYN received 2 Send SYN (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack) SYN received

  12. TCP Three Way Handshake (3) Host A Host B 1 Send SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN) SYN received 2 Send SYN (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack) SYN received 3 Send ACK (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack) ACK receivedconnection is established

  13. 32 bits represented in 4 decimal numbers, each representing 8 bits host part network part A, B, C, D, E class network numbers two types of broadcast: directed broadcast local network broadcast IP Addressing

  14. IP Addressing 32 Bits Network part Host part Class A : Network-part = 8 bits, Host-Part = 24 bitsClass B : Network-part = 16 bits, Host-Part = 16 bitsClass C : Network-part = 24 bits, Host-part = 8 bitsClass D : multicastClass E : experimental

  15. IP Local Broadcast 172.16.4.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 Not forwarded by router Broadcast to 255.255.255.255 172.16.5.0/24

  16. IP Directed Broadcast 172.16.4.0/24 172.16.3.0/24 forwarded by router Broadcast to 172.16. 4.255 172.16.5.0/24

  17. Classless interdomain Routing (CIDR) route is known as address and mask supernetting and subnetting Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) RFC1009 classfull networks can be split into multiple networks with larger subnet masks IP Subnetting

  18. IP Subnetting • Class B Subnetting • # Bits Subnet Mask # Subnets # Hosts • 2 255.255.192.0 2 16382 • 3 255.255.224.0 6 8190 • 4 255.255.240.0 14 4094 • 5 255.255.248.0 30 2046 • 6 255.255.252.0 62 1022 • 7 255.255.254.0 126 510 • 8 255.255.255.0 254 254 • 9 255.255.255.128 510 126 • 10 255.255.255.192 1022 62 • 11 255.255.255.224 2046 30 • 12 255.255.255.240 4094 14 • 13 255.255.255.248 8190 6 • 14 255.255.255.252 16382 2

  19. Required on every IP stack provides feedback about problems time to live counter expires congestion failures destination not reachable direct into IP Internet Control Message Protocol

  20. Messages: Echo request/reply Destination Unreachable Source quench Redirect Time Exceeded parameter problem timestamp request/reply information request/reply address mask request/reply Internet Control Message Protocol

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