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Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms

Water’s Molecular Structure:. Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity the tendency for an atom to attract electrons. Solubility Polar charges attract it to other polar molecules sugars, ionic compounds (like salt), and some proteins

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Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms

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  1. Water’s Molecular Structure: Oxygen shares its two unpaired electrons with two hydrogen atoms

  2. Electronegativity the tendency for an atom to attract electrons

  3. Solubility • Polar charges attract it to other polar molecules • sugars, ionic compounds (like salt), and some proteins • Not attracted to nonpolar substances like lipids (fats) http://www.questacon.edu.au/html/squad_activities/assets/images/oil-and-water.jpg

  4. Hydrogen Bonds: • Weak, polar covalent bonds. • Form rapidly and break rapidly Example: Between water molecules H-Bonding explains unique properties: cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, evaporative cooling, the low density of ice, the ability of water to dissolve many substances

  5. Cohesion • Molecules of the same substance are attracted to each other • Leads to surface tension and water droplets http://www.realeyz.com/photo/macro/photos/leaf_drops.jpg

  6. Adhesion • Attraction between molecules of different substances • Ex: glass and water Capillarity Attraction that causes the surface of the liquid to rise when in contact with a solid. http://staff.um.edu.mt/rlib1/sm/wpe32.jpg

  7. Did you ever wonder: How does water move from roots to leaves when a tree doesn’t have a heart to pump the water? Cohesion-Adhesion Theory -As water evaporates from leaves, it tugs on the water molecules below -Cohesion and adhesion pull water up and replace missing water molecules -Water enters the roots by osmosis www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../BioBookPLANTHORM.html

  8. Denisty of Ice • Most solids are more dense than their liquids • This makes solids sink • Ice is less dense than liquid water • Due to H-Bonds • Important to life because bodies of water freeze top down • Allows life to survive below http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/images/Iceberg.jpg

  9. pH Scale Measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions Acid: High concentration of [H+] (or hydronium ion); low conc. of [OH-] Base: High [OH-] (a.k.a. hydroxide ion); low [H+] pH = -log [H+]

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