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Change in electron density as two hydrogen atoms approach each other.

Change in electron density as two hydrogen atoms approach each other. Hybridization – mixing of two or more atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals.

ryder-larson
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Change in electron density as two hydrogen atoms approach each other.

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  1. Change in electron density as two hydrogen atoms approach each other.

  2. Hybridization – mixing of two or more atomic orbitals to form a new set of hybrid orbitals. • Mix at least 2 nonequivalent atomic orbitals (e.g. s and p). Hybrid orbitals have very different shape from original atomic orbitals. • Number of hybrid orbitals is equal to number of pure atomic orbitals used in the hybridization process. • Covalent bonds are formed by: • Overlap of hybrid orbitals with atomic orbitals • Overlap of hybrid orbitals with other hybrid orbitals

  3. Formation of sp Hybrid Orbitals

  4. Formation of sp2 Hybrid Orbitals

  5. How do I predict the hybridization of the central atom? • Draw Lewis structure • Count the number of lone pairs AND the number • of atoms bonded to the central atom # of Lone Pairs + # of Bonded Atoms Examples Hybridization BeCl2 2 sp BF3 3 sp2 CH4, NH3, H2O 4 sp3 PCl5 5 sp3d XeO4, SF6 6 sp3d2

  6. s bond

  7. How many s and p bonds are in the acetic acid (vinegar) molecule CH3COOH? H H C H C O O H Sigma (s) and Pi Bonds (p) 1 sigma bond Single bond 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond Double bond Triple bond 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds s bonds = 7 p bonds = 1

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