1 / 71

Computer History

Computer History. How did we get here?. Computer applications today: Word processing (Word) Spreadsheets (Excel) Presentation software (PowerPoint) Communication (email, Internet) Games Databases. Way Back: Babbage’s “Difference Engine”. At the British Museum.

aziza
Download Presentation

Computer History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer History

  2. How did we get here? • Computer applications today: • Word processing (Word) • Spreadsheets (Excel) • Presentation software (PowerPoint) • Communication (email, Internet) • Games • Databases • ...

  3. Way Back: Babbage’s “Difference Engine” At the British Museum

  4. Difference Engine Close-up

  5. The Difference Engine in Action Difference Engine (video) Difference Engine (article)

  6. One-of-a-kind computers:The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

  7. ABC: Rebuilt at Iowa State

  8. ABC Links Pictures and Drawings Court Trial Reconstructing the ABC Computer ABC part 1 (video, 10 min) ABC part 2 (video, 10 min) ABC part 3 (video, 10 min)

  9. One-of-a-kind computers: ENIAC 18,000 vacuum tubes 80 ft long x 3 ft deep by 8 ft tall $500,000 ($6M in today’s dollars) 30 tons 150 kilowatts ENIAC (Wikipedia article)

  10. ENIAC

  11. ENIAC

  12. Which was the first computer? ABC was the first electronic, digital computer. ENIAC was the first electronic, digital, general-purpose computer.

  13. Commercial ComputersGeneration 1: Early 1950s UNIVAC 1, More UNIVAC

  14. Generation 1 Hardware: Vacuum Tubes Big Slow Hot Expensive Unreliable

  15. UNIVAC

  16. Commercial ComputersGeneration 2: Late 50s-mid 60s

  17. Generation 2 Hardware: Transistors Smaller Faster Cooler Cheaper More reliable

  18. Generation 2 IBM 1620

  19. Commercial ComputersGeneration 3: Mid 60s to mid 70s IBM 360

  20. Generation 3 Hardware: “Integrated” Circuits

  21. Generation 3 IBM 360

  22. Minicomputers A “mini” computer was about the size of a refrigerator. They could be made this small because of integrated circuits. PDP 8

  23. Commercial ComputersGeneration 4: Mid-70s to Today The “micro” computer. The Apple ][ Plus Apple II

  24. Generation 4 Hardware:Large-scale Integrated Circuits A 4th generation computer uses large-scale integrated circuits (silicon chips) for its circuitry.

  25. Generation 4 IBM PC August, 1981

  26. Generation 4 iMac

  27. Trends • The trend has continually been: • SMALLER • CHEAPER • FASTER • MORE RELIABLE • MORE POWERFUL • MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT

  28. Hardware Summary

  29. Moore’s Law Moore's Law(1965): The number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit is doubling approximately every 2 years.

  30. Computer Components

  31. Computer Components Main Memory Input CPU Output Secondary Memory (Storage)

  32. The Components of a Computer: Input Input Device: Hardware used to enter data and instructions

  33. Input • Most common devices: • Keyboard • Mouse

  34. Input • Three other common devices: • Microphone • Scanner • Web Cam

  35. Computer Components: Output Hardware that conveys information to humans

  36. Output • Most common: • Monitor • Printer

  37. Output • Another common output device: • Speakers

  38. The Components of a Computer: System Unit System Unit: Case containing electroniccomponents used to process data

  39. Motherboard CPUand memory go on the motherboard:

  40. The Components of a Computer: CPU Central Processing Unit (CPU): the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. It is located inside the system unit on the motherboard.

  41. Computer Components:The CPU Executes instructions (programs/software) One instruction at a time (per “core”) Billions of instructions per second Today: multiple cores (CPUs) Today: 2-3 GHz clock speed Located on motherboard

  42. The CPU: Intel Core i7 The Core i7 has four processors inside of it.

  43. The CPU: Intel Celeron Celeron: Lower cost, lower performance

  44. The Components of a Computer: Main Memory Main Memory: Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions It is located in the system unit on the motherboard.

  45. The Components of a Computer Main Memory Main Memory is: Fast! But: Volatile... ... Expensive... ... and Limited

  46. The Components of a Computer: Storage (Secondary Memory) • Storage: Holds data and instructions for future use: • Magnetic disk • Flash memory • Optical disk • Magnetic tape

  47. The Components of a Computer: Storage (Secondary Memory) Main Memory is: • Volatile • Expensive • Limited • Fast! Secondary Memory is: Permanent (not volatile) Cheap (cost per byte) Unlimited But: Slow!

  48. Storage (Secondary Memory):Magnetic Disk 5.25” 3.5” 2.5” 1.5”

  49. Storage (Secondary Memory):Magnetic Disk Hard disk: Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive Direct Access Most are housed inside of the system unit

More Related