Dental Anatomy & Physiology

1. Dental Anatomy & Physiology

2. Anatomy of the Skull • Jaw Bone • – Maxilla upper • – Mandible lower

3. Oral Anatomy – Teeth • Oral anatomy • Tooth • Central Incisor • Lateral Incisor • Canine • First Premolar • Second Premolar • First Molar • Second Molar • Third Molar

4. Oral Anatomy – Teeth • Incisor – four front teeth either jaw • Central Incisor –first tooth on either side of center line of face • Lateral Incisor – second tooth from center line of face • Canine – single tooth separating incisors and molars on both jaws, third tooth from center line of face

5. Oral Anatomy – Teeth • Molars – grinding teeth • First Premolar – fourth tooth from centerline of face • Second Premolar – fifth tooth from centerline of face • First Molar – sixth tooth from centerline of face • Second Molar – seventh tooth from centerline of face • Third Molar/wisdom tooth – eight tooth from centerline of face

6. Oral Anatomy • Tonsil • Uvula • Tongue • Gingiva (Gums)

7. Oral Anatomy • Tonsil – mass of special lymph tissue • Uvula – small tissue projecting in the middle • of palate in throat • Tongue – organ of speech and taste • Gingiva (Gums) – the tissue that surrounds the • tooth

8. Tooth Anatomy • Crown • Neck • Root • Enamel • Dentin • Pulp • Cementum • Periodontal Membrane • Nerve and blood supply

9. Tooth Anatomy • Crown – the part of the tooth you see • Neck –the tooth at the gum line • Root – part of the tooth connecting to jaw • Enamel – the bony covering of the crown • Dentin – hard substance surrounding the pulp • Pulp – contains nerves for sensing heat cold and pressure and blood vessels for nourishing the tooth

10. Tooth Anatomy • Cementum – sensitive, bonelike structure covering the root • Periodontal Membrane – tissue lining tooth socket • Nerve and blood supply – feeds nutrients to the pulp provides nerve path ways

11. Gum Anatomy Gingiva (gum) Gingiva Crevice Alveolar Bone Periodontal Ligament

12. Gum Anatomy • Gingiva (gum) – soft tissue covering the jaw bones and surrounding the teeth • Gingiva Crevice – soft tissue going down into the • upper part of the tooth socket • Periodontal Ligament - the fibrous, net-like tendon that holds our teeth in their sockets • Alveolar Bone - can best be described as a thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket • surrounding the roots of teeth

13. Professional Dental Examination • Tooth decay is one of the most common of all • disorders, second only to the common cold • Regular dental visits are essential for maintaining healthy teeth and gums • The cleaning/prophylaxis is performed by a • dentist or dental hygienist

14. Professional Dental Examination • Plaque – a thin transparent film on the tooth • surface, containing much bacteria, if not removed it forms tartar • Uses sugar and other carbohydrates to form acids which deteriorates tooth enamel which leads to cavities

15. Plaque/Tartar that forms • along the gum line produces toxins that cause redness, swelling and bleeding of the • gums which is a condition known as gingivitis • Periodontitis • If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis

16. Professional Dental Examination • Calculus – any abnormal stony mass or deposit • formed in the body, as in the kidney or gallbladder, or on teeth, advanced stage of tartar • The result of minerals (example: various salts, such as calcium phosphate, dental calculus) in saliva combining with plaque to form a rough deposit on the teeth

17. Calculus • Your toothbrush and dental floss cannot remove calculus once it has formed; it can only be removed during a regular dental prophylaxis or cleaning. • Individuals vary greatly in their susceptibility to plaque and calculus • For many, these deposits build up faster as we age.

18. Prophylaxis/Cleaning • Scaling and polishing procedure performed to remove normal plaque, calculus and stains on teeth • While the main objective of prophylaxis is to prevent gum disease it can also improve the appearance of teeth

19. Prophylaxis • Scaling is performed using hand tools instruments or the ultrasonic prophylaxis to remove calculus from the teeth • Polishing • Polishing with a special paste by means of a • dental handpiece removes remaining plaque and stains

20. Fluoride and Tooth Decay • Tooth enamel is the very hard outer layer covering your teeth and consists of many closely-packed rods made of minerals • When you eat, acid (plaque) forms on the outside of the tooth and seeps into the enamel’s • rods • Decay • This demineralization • process can produce a • weak spot on the tooth’s • surface which can lead • to decay

21. Fluoride and Tooth Decay • Fluoride helps prevent tooth decay by slowing the breakdown of enamel and speeding up the natural remineralization process • Common sources of fluoride • Fluoridated water • Toothpaste • Mouth rinse • If you happen to live in an area where the • water does not have enough fluoridation your • dentist can provide fluoride gels, rinses, drops • and tablet supplements

22. Dental Specialties • Dentist: a person whose profession is the care • of teeth and the surrounding soft tissues including the prevention and elimination of decay, the replacement of missing teeth with artificial ones. • Orthodontics: the branch of dentistry concerned with diagnosing, correcting and preventing irregularities of the teeth: • Corrects for crowded, misaligned teeth and bite Problems • Can be performed on both children and adults

23. Dental Specialist (cont) • Periodontic: the branch of dentistry concerned • with diseases of the bone and tissue supporting • the teeth • Endondontic: the branch of dentistry that treats disorders of the pulp and performs root-canal • Oral Surgeon – the branch of dentistry dealing • with the surgical treatment of disorders and • disease of the teeth, gums, and jaw • Pediadontic – the branch of dentistry dealing • with the care and treatment of children’s teeth