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British History

British History. Outline. Early history ( Celts, Roman occupation, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings) Norman invasion Middle Ages in Britain ( Magna Charta and the beginning of the British parliamentary system, Hundred Years’ War, The War of Roses, the Tudor Age - Henry VIII , Elizabethan Age)

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British History

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  1. British History

  2. Outline • Early history ( Celts, Roman occupation, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings) • Norman invasion • Middle Ages in Britain ( Magna Charta and the beginning of the British parliamentary system, Hundred Years’ War, The War of Roses, the Tudor Age - Henry VIII , Elizabethan Age) • Civil War and the Glorious Revolution • Oliver Cromwell • The Napoleonic Wars • Victorian era • Modern history, 20th century (WWI, WWII) • famous personalities in British history (own choice)

  3. The Pre-Celtic Period (before 800BC) • Stonehenge – comes from that time, • settlers from Europe arrived between 3500BC and 3000BC - introduced pottery, farming and stone tools

  4. The Celtic Period(800BC-43AD) • the Celts started to invade Britain from the 10th century BC • one of their tribes was called the Britons, • the most important survival is the existence of three Celtic languages: Welsh, Irish and Gaelic.

  5. Romans • occupied the country from 55BC when Julius Ceasar invaded Britain, they stayed till the 5th century AD • Hadrian's wall (defensive wall marking the northern frontier of the Roman Empire) • the Roman roads are still in use • influenced English lang.

  6. Angles, Saxons, Jutes(middle of 5th cent. – 1066) • came from Germany and Denmark and the Netherlands in the 5th century • the best known king was Alfred the Great – translated books from Latin to English, well educated

  7. The Vikings • arrived from Scandinavia throughout the 9th century and in 1066 the Normans invaded from France • 1066 – the Battle of Hastings – the English were defeated by a French Army led by William, Duke of Normandy • William the Conqueror became a British king

  8. The Period of Feudalism (1066-15th cent.) • English langauge and nation came into being • a period of frequent wars and suffering, prepared the way for England´s rise as a real power

  9. 12th cent.- the struggle for power between the King and the church – it resulted in the murder of Thomas Becket • 13th cent.- granting of Magna Carta Libertatum - 1215 John Lackland – limited the power of the King • 1265 – the first House of Commons

  10. 14-15th century • Hundred Year´s War with France (1348-1452)- England´s defeat • the Black Death – a violent epidemic of plague in 1348, the number of pop. was reduced from 4 mil. to two million • The Wars of Roses a struggle for the Crown between the house of York and the House of Lancaster, whose emblems were a white and a red rose

  11. Lancaster York

  12. The Tudor Period (1485-1603) • England became one of the leading world powers • The Age of Renaissance

  13. Henry VIII. • had six wives • proclaimed himself the head of the Church of England • despotic rule • beheaded two of his wives • Sir Thomas More executed (disapproved of the King´s policies) • arguments with the Pope

  14. Elizabeth I (16th cent.) • Elizabethan Age – a popular monarch • encouraged trading expeditions often combined with piracy (e.g. Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Francis Drake) • the world´s greatest playwright W. Shakespeare • big prosperity

  15. The Stuarts and the English Revolution (1603-1688) • -a growing conflict between the King and Parliament ------ led to the Civil War (abolition of the monarchy and Cromwell´s military rule) • 1660 – the monarchy was restored again • 1688 – the Glorious Revolution – the Bill of Rights limited the power of the King and strenthened the power of Parliament

  16. Lord Protector

  17. 18th cent.- Industrial Revolution (1750s-1950s) • Britain – the first industrial power in the world • colonial expansion • important inventions: steamships railways • decline of feudalism

  18. The Napoleonic Wars • the British Army defeated Napoleon at Waterloo (Wellington) in 1815

  19. 1783 -loss of US colonies • the US proclaimed independence, so India became the main stronghold of the British Empire

  20. The Victorian Era (1837-1901) • strongest power – industrial, commercial, greatest sea power, colonial power (esp. Africa) • Trade unions – Britain is the cradle of the trade union movement – industrial workers started to organize themselves to defend their interests • Social changes – low wages, slums, cheap child labour • New division of society – working class people • Victorian morality

  21. 20th cent. - decline • 1910 House of Windsor • 1921-Ireland-independence • WWI • WWII- W.Churchil (1940-45)

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