1 / 30

Memory and Learning

Memory and Learning. Types of learning Types of memory Neural basis of learning and memory Learning – changes future behavior . Memory - ability to remember the past. LEARNING MEMORY. Learning. Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s dogs. Learning.

azra
Download Presentation

Memory and Learning

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Memory and Learning Types of learning Types of memory Neural basis of learning and memory Learning – changes future behavior. Memory- ability to remember the past. LEARNING MEMORY

  2. Learning Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s dogs

  3. Learning Classical Conditioning Baby “Albert” (~1920) Noise Albert Rat

  4. Learning Operant Conditioning

  5. Memory Sensory Memory STM LTM (<2 sec) (<1 min) (years!) needs rehearsal Types of LTM Declarative Memory Non-declarative (explicit) (implicit) 1+1=2 254-765-8714 Tashidelek = ??

  6. In humans, the hippocampus is critical for the formationof explicit memories. Hippocampus Amgdala Temporal lobe

  7. Memory • Memory stored in multiple locations in the brain: • medial temporal lobe (facts/events) • striatum (skills and habits) • neocortex (sensory) • amygdala (emotional memories) • cerebellum (simple association learning) • brain stem/spinal cord (simple learning)

  8. Studying Memory • Aplysiacalifornica(Eric Kandel; Nobel Prize in 2000) • 10,000 neurons in nervous system; can learn • Large neurons located in ganglia; control behavior (withdrawal; sensitization)

  9. Studying Memory STM: short term biochemical changes that lead to larger PSP (“stronger connection between neurons”). Changes are NOT permanent. • LTM: changes in protein synthesis and gene regulation • involves structural modifications: increased branches; more synapses

  10. Studying Memory Hippocampus PET brain scan during an object location test. (from A. M. Owen, et al., J. Cog. Neurosci. 8:6, 588-602, 1996.)

  11. Studying Memory • As a teenager H.M. suffered from epilepsy. • At the age of 27, in 1953, he had a bilateral removal of his temporal lobes, including the hippocampus and amygdala, to treat his epilepsy.

  12. Studying Memory Patient HM Normal Hippocampus ? Patient HM= Henry G. Molaison After surgery, HM was never able to form new memories, but old memories fine. Consolidation vs storage? http://thebrainobservatory.ucsd.edu/

  13. Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and other intellectual deficits. Dr. Alois Alzheimer Auguste D. 1906

  14. Alzheimer’s Disease causes atrophyof the hippocampus and cortex Healthy AD Hippocampus;entorhinalcortex; perirhinal cortex Courtesy of Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center

  15. What are the similarities and differences between Auguste D. and H.M.? Auguste D. H.M.

  16. Memory List 1: read, pages, letters, teacher, school, study, read, stories, sheets, cover, pen, pencil, learn, paper, words List 2: house, pencil, apple, shoe, book, flag, rock, train, ocean, hill, music, water, glass, school "book" on list 1? Only pencil and school were on list 1. List 1: sheets, pillow, mattress, blanket, comfortable, room, dream, lay, chair, rest, tired, night, dark, time List 2: door, tree, eye, song, pillow, juice, orange, radio, rain, car, sleep, cat, dream, eat "sleep" was on list 1? Only pillow and dream were on list 1.

  17. Memory

  18. Memory 9 1 2 8 7 3 2 6 4 5 0 9 7 4 5 3 0 1 6 8 OR 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  19. Memory “Chunking” 84623 or 84 623 (5 or 2) 19882012 or 1988 2012 (8 or 2)

  20. Memory

  21. Memory

  22. Conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory requires rehearsal Consolidation Information Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Rehearsal

  23. Memory Association

  24. Memory 8 85 859 8592 85925 859258 8592581 85925814 8592??? .…. …… ……

  25. Memory snake - apple - arrow - baby - bird - book - butterfly - car - corn - flower - hammer - house - money - microscope - ocean - pencil - rock - shoes - table - window anger - belief - boredom - chance - concept - effort - fate - freedom - glory - happiness - honor - hope - idea - interest - knowledge - mercy - mood - moral - theory - truth ator- botam - crov - difim - firap - glimoc - ricul- hilnim - jolib - kepwin - leptav - lumal - mib - natpem - peyrim - rispaw - stiwin - tubiv - vopec - yapib

  26. Memory

  27. Spatial Memory LONDON

  28. Spatial Memory MRI Maguire, EA et al. PNAS 2000;97:4398-4403

  29. Spatial Memory

More Related