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Defining and Evaluating Multilayer Coatings in FRED. Marko Swoboda. What are Multilayer Coatings?. Anti-Reflection Coatings consist of one or more layers Dielectric Mirrors use constructive/destructive interference interferometric filters select narrow lines by clever layer sequence
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Defining and Evaluating Multilayer Coatings in FRED Marko Swoboda
What are Multilayer Coatings? • Anti-Reflection Coatings consist of one or more layers • Dielectric Mirrors use constructive/destructive interference • interferometric filters select narrow lines by clever layer sequence • required: • precise control of optical layer thickness • homogeneous deposition of dielectric/optical media
Examples of Coatings • Narrow-band Interferometric Filter: • Distributed Bragg-Reflector: 8(l/4) l/2 4(l/4) 4(l/4)
What is their role in FRED? • most raytraced objects act by their refractive indices, a coating is only a few micron thick still major influence • multilayer coatings act on the phase of the light, in reflection and transmission and achieve the highest possible reflectivities for single wavelengths • all that makes it important to include such coatings in exact simulations of any system
How to make a coating? simple as that: two ways: -by clicking and typing -by script and data (also typing)
Coatings by Clicking • tons of options: focus on the most general: Thin Film Layered Coatings
Coatings by Clicking • layers can be repeated in groups (e.g. lambda/4 stacks)
Coatings by Clicking • 3-pair DBR • don’t forget to include the materials into your database from the standard or self-defined materials! later
Plotting Coating Properties • once defined, coatings can be added to any surface in FRED • their properties are evaluated with the plot function
Plot Function Options • great number of settings • wavelength region always the maximum of present rays • polarization sensitive • amplitude AND phase of reflected light
Plot Function Results: 3-pair DBR • plot function results @ 0 degree incidence • saveable as text file
Other Option for Coating Definition • write a script, defining the properties:
Evaluation still has to be done by hand... • click on plot coating the filter just defined narrowband transmission peak!
One more example: • DBR with high-index layer on top: reflectance
One more example: • DBR with high-index layer on top: phase phase jump at design wavelength!
One more example: • solution: low-index-layer on top: • phase-jump only in transmitted light!
Finally: New Materials • Thin-Film layers so far are only limited by the availability of materials in the FRED-database • defining a new material from external parameters helps:
Best way: Scripts generated by Matlab • get lambda, n , k values from CXRO or your favourite website
Conclusion • Coatings can greatly alter the behaviour of any surface in FRED • they are defined a bit on the side, and can be evaluated independently from rays (mostly) • they are defined from either standard materials in the optical region • or from imported data (preferably with matlab) for any other wavelength region