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Loneliness: Cause & Target

Loneliness: Cause & Target. Louise Hawkley, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Chicago Prepared for: NIA/IPSR Workshop May 21, 2009. Loneliness: The why.

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Loneliness: Cause & Target

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  1. Loneliness: Cause & Target Louise Hawkley, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Chicago Prepared for: NIA/IPSR Workshop May 21, 2009

  2. Loneliness: The why “I can tell you without a doubt that virtually everyone I see comes to me because of some deficiency of human contact. Indeed, I am increasingly sought out because people feel lonely, isolated, or confused at work. They feel cut off” (Hallowell, 1999, p. 126). “All doctors soon learn that their patients consult them far less often for specific illnesses than because they are unhappy and seek relief from their loneliness and despair” (Goldberg, 2001). • “What makes life valuable for those of us with mental illness?...Exactly what is necessary for other people. We need to feel wanted, accepted and loved…We need support from friends and family…We need to feel a part of the human race, to have friends. We need to give and receive love” (Davidson & Stayner, 1997).

  3. Loneliness: The who • Loneliness was related to: • Marital status • Lack of spousal confidant • Number of voluntary associations • Physical health symptoms & disability • Chronic work and/or social stress • Small social network • Poor quality social relationships More lonely Less lonely Hawkley, Hughes, et al., 2008 Hawthorne, 2008; Pinquart & Sorenson, 2003

  4. Loneliness: The what Cacioppo, Hawkley, et al., 2006 Booth, R. (2000). Loneliness as a component of psychiatric disorders: The relationship between loneliness and depression. Medscape General Medicine, 2(2).

  5. Loneliness: The how Social Environment Cultures Institutions Neighborhoods Social Networks Perceived Stress and Coping Exposure toStressors & Life Events Stress Response Health Behaviors Recuperative Processes Individual Differences Physiological Resilience AGE

  6. * Previous findings TPR: 18-25 yr-olds SBP: 50-68 yr-olds Hawkley, Thisted, Masi, & Cacioppo (under review)

  7. Loneliness predicts increases in SBP Age Female Black Hispanic Diploma Smoker1 Exsmoker1 BMI1 Exercise1 Alcohol1 Antilipid1 CVagent1 Charlson1 Smoker2 Exsmoker2 BMI2 Exercise2 Alcohol2 Antilipid2 CVagent2 Charlson2 Smoker3 Exsmoker3 BMI3 Exercise3 Alcohol3 Antilipid3 CVagent3 Charlson3 Smoker4 Exsmoker4 BMI4 Exercise4 Alcohol4 Antilipid4 CVagent4 Charlson4 Smoker5 Exsmoker5 BMI5 Exercise5 Alcohol5 Antilipid5 CVagent5 Charlson5 .740** .771** .771** .771** L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 .005 .015 .015 .015 .058 -.104 -.104 -.104 .189† -.053 -.029 -.198† -.037 .17* .17* .17* BP1 BP2 BP3 BP4 BP5 .513** .489** .489** .489** Age Female Black Hispanic Diploma Smoker1 Exsmoker1 BMI1 Exercise1 Alcohol1 Antilipid1 CVagent1 Charlson1 Smoker2 Exsmoker2 BMI2 Exercise2 Alcohol2 Antilipid2 CVagent2 Charlson2 Smoker3 Exsmoker3 BMI3 Exercise3 Alcohol3 Antilipid3 CVagent3 Charlson3 Smoker4 Exsmoker4 BMI4 Exercise4 Alcohol4 Antilipid4 CVagent4 Charlson4 Smoker5 Exsmoker5 BMI5 Exercise5 Alcohol5 Antilipid5 CVagent5 Charlson5 Hawkley, Thisted, Masi, & Cacioppo (under review)

  8. Loneliness: The now what?

  9. LONELINESS: TARGET Meta-Analysis: Which treatments, for how long, and for whom? Single Group Pre-Post Design (N=11) ES = -0.401; 95% CI: -0.46, -0.34; p < .001 Non-Randomized Group Comparison Design (N=12)ES = -0.468; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.32; p < .001 Randomized Group Comparison Design (N=18)ES = -0.032; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.07; p > .5 Masi, Chen, Hawkley, & Cacioppo (under review)

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