Fluid Properties Con’t Pressure

1. Fluid Properties Con’tPressure Temperature and Pressure are directly proportional to one another

2. Pressure How is it measured in process industry?

3. Pressure • How is it measured in process industry? • PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge

4. Pressure • How is it measured in process industry? • PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge • Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure

5. Pressure • How is it measured in process industry? • PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge • Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure • PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute

6. Pressure • How is it measured in process industry? • PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge • Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure • PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute • This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure

7. Pressure • How is it measured in process industry? • PSIG – Pounds per Square Inch Gauge • Pressure within a system without taking into account for atmospheric pressure • PSIA – Pounds per Square Inch Absolute • This is the SUM of the pressure within the system and the atmospheric pressure • Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi @ sea level

8. Pressure of Fluids So what affects the pressure of a fluid?

9. Pressure of Fluids • So what affects the pressure of a fluid? • Temperature -

10. Pressure of Fluids • So what affects the pressure of a fluid? • Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean?

11. Pressure of Fluids • So what affects the pressure of a fluid? • Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean? • As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure. Example

12. Pressure of Fluids • So what affects the pressure of a fluid? • Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean? • As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure • Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean?

13. Pressure of Fluids • So what affects the pressure of a fluid? • Temperature and pressure are Directly proportional to each other. So what does that mean? • As temperature increases so does pressure and if temperature decreases so too does pressure • Volume is indirectly proportional to both temperature and pressure. So what does that mean? • As volume is decreased temperature and pressure will increase and if volume is increased then temperature and pressure will decrease

14. Gravity of Fluids Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid

15. Gravity of Fluids • Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid • Liquid densities are typically compared to water

16. Gravity of Fluids • Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid • Liquid densities are typically compared to water • API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water

17. Gravity of Fluids • Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid • Liquid densities are typically compared to water • API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water • Gas or vapor densities are compared to air

18. Gravity of Fluids • Gravity – expresses the weight of a fluid • Liquid densities are typically compared to water • API (American Petroleum Institute) Gravity measures liquid hydrocarbon densities to water • Gas or vapor densities are compared to air Specific Gravity – is a comparison of the fluid density of compound to the fluid density of a different compound that are both at the same temperature

19. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture.

20. Miscibility of Fluids Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing

21. Miscibility of Fluids • Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. • Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing • Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent

22. Miscibility of Fluids • Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. • Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing • Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent • Things to keep in mind:

23. Miscibility of Fluids • Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. • Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing • Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent • Things to keep in mind: • Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES

24. Miscibility of Fluids • Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. • Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing • Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent • Things to keep in mind: • Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES • Problems with Clogging equipment and lines Ex p. 7 • ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other

25. Miscibility of Fluids • Miscible – liquids of different specific gravities are able to form a mixture. • Immiscible – liquids of differing specific gravities that are not capable of mixing • Solubility – the ability of a compound to dissolve in a given solvent • Things to keep in mind: • Water has a high solubility with natural gas that can cause huge problems in the processing plant = can form HYDRATES • ALL HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS a miscible with each other • However they are not miscible with GLYCOL