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Genetics of Viruses

Genetics of Viruses. Viral Structure. Virus: “ poison ” (Latin) infectious particles consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat Capsid= viral envelope Contain DNA or RNA Bacteriophages (phages) are the most complex. Virus Diversity. Virus Reproduction. Host range

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Genetics of Viruses

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  1. Genetics of Viruses

  2. Viral Structure • Virus: • “poison” (Latin) • infectious particles consisting of a nucleic acid in a protein coat • Capsid= viral envelope • Contain DNA or RNA • Bacteriophages (phages) are the most complex

  3. Virus Diversity

  4. Virus Reproduction • Host range • infection of a limited range of host cells (receptor molecules on the surface of cells) • West Nile- wide range (mosquitoes, birds, horses, humans) • Measles- narrow range (only humans)

  5. Lytic Cycle • The lytic cycle: • attachment • injection • hydrolyzation • assembly • release • Results in death of host cell • Virulent virus (phage reproduction only by the lytic cycle)

  6. Lysogenic Cycle • Genome replicated w/o destroying the host cell • Genetic material of virus becomes incorporated into the host cell DNA (prophage DNA) • Temperate virus (phages capable of using the lytic and lysogenic cycle) • Phage λ • May give rise to lytic cycle

  7. Classes of Viruses

  8. RNA viruses • Retroviruses: transcribe DNA from an RNA template (RNADNA) • Most complicated reproductive cycle • Reverse transcriptase (catalyzing enzyme) • HIVAIDS

  9. Reproduction of HIV

  10. Vaccines and Emerging Viruses • Vaccines • Harmless versions of viruses • Helps immune system to build up antibodies for certain viruses • Emerging Viruses • Appear suddenly • AIDS, Ebola, SARS, H1N1

  11. Viroids and Prions • Viroids: • tiny, naked circular RNA • infect plants • do not code for proteins, but use cellular enzymes to reproduce • stunt plant growth • Prions: • “infectious proteins” (mad cow disease) • trigger chain reaction conversions

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