Targeted exploratory trials and large-scale mobility surveys

1. COST action 355 “WATCH” Targeted exploratory trials and large-scale mobility surveys Marco Diana, Cristina Pronello, Alessia Gaia, Maria Lapietra, Francis Papon Politecnico di Torino, Italy & INRETS, France WG3 meeting in Torino, 5th October 2007

2. Experimental vs. large-scale surveys • Experimental surveys advantages: reduced effort (money and time), greater flexibility, more room for specific questions / trials • Experimental surveys drawbacks: results are hardly generalizable • Large-scale surveys advantages: samplerepresentativeness, joint availability of “behavioural” and “classical” mobility data • Large-scale surveys drawbacks: constraints concerning both the tasks complexity and the tasks length

3. Using both kinds of survey • Define the transport-related behavioural issue(s) under investigation • Run a small-scale exploratory trial, redundantly implementing several different survey instruments • Define the time budget than can be allocated within the larger mobility survey • Design the survey inset on the basis of the exploratory trial outcomes and the time budget allocation • Run the large-scale survey and analyse the results

4. Survey trials run by POLITO • Mobility opinions on a given trip in medium-sized cities (Piedmont, Italy) • Attitudinal travel diaries (Torino, Italy) • Travel demand management in a university campus (Campinas, Brazil and Torino, Italy) • Attitudinal travel survey for a sample of qualified workers (INRETS, France) French NTS 2007 “Primary utility” inset

5. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities • 1518 completed CATI over 4 cities (45 000 - 100 000 inhabitants) • Statistically significant sample, sampling error of 4% • Questionnaire contents: 1) characterization of a trip 2) attitudes and opinions about the used mode 3) general travel attitudes

6. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

7. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

8. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

9. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

10. 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

11. 2. Cluster analysis 1. Factor analysis 1. Surveys in medium-sized cities Green conscious Understatement Utilitarian Hedonist Timeserver

12. 2. “Attitudinal” travel diaries in Torino

13. 3. TDM in Campinas, Brazil

14. 4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey • Multimodal behaviour in the past 12 months • Trips collection in the preceding weekday • Full description for a randomly selected trip • Attitudes and feelings concerning this trip • Mode diversion SP experiments • Perceived frequencies and desired travel amounts

15. 4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey

16. Screen 2 Screen 40 Screen 42 4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey

17. 4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey

18. PURPOSE DESTIN IMPORT ACTIVITIES RELAX MOTIV IDEAS DES_LENGHT RELIABILITY COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY FREEDOM AFFECTIVE WELLBEING SEM model for primary utility PRIMARY

19. PAST_MEAN MULTIM FUT_MEAN REL_COST SWITCH REL_TIME REL_WAIT REL_WALK RELIABILITY COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY FREEDOM AFFECTIVE WELLBEING SEM model for mode switch

20. FNTS 2007 “primary utility” inset • Travel may have utility besides destination • Previous findings • Brief presentation of the FNTS 2007-08 • Six questions • Promenade purpose • Possible outcomes • Conclusions

21. Travel may have utility besides destination • Traditionally, travel considered as derived demand necessary to perform other activities • But, travel is sometimes an activity per se conducted for its own sake, such as • recreational walking, cycling, horseback riding etc. • Or often the utility of travelling is part of the motivation for travelling, aside destination • activities or feelings during trip

22. Pure recreational travel Pure destination travel Some utility during travel

23. Previous findings • Mokhtarian’s papers(Mokhtarian & Salomon 1999, 2001; Redmond & Mokhtarian, 2001; Mokhtarian 2005). • Diana’s experimental questionnaire with INRETS staff • Evidence of the intrinsic utility of travel • Varies among trips: • zero for trips exclusively dedicated for destination • 100% of trip utility for trips entirely for their own sake • most of trips in-between, with some degree of satisfaction coming from the travel activity

24. Brief presentation of the FNTS 2007-08 For a randomly selected trip described by kish, six specific questions added in the NHTS survey

25. Six questions • Which activity was carried out during this trip? • Whether an incident occurred during this trip? • If so, which one? • Whether the trip was pleasant or not? • Whether the trip was tiring or not? • Which is the sentence that best fits this trip? • 1. The only important thing regarding this trip was to get from one place to another • 2. The activities carried out during this trip were important for me • 3. The feelings during this trip were important for me

26. Activities during travel Which activity was carried out during the trip? • working, studying • reading • making phone calls, sending messages • speaking with other people • playing alone or with other people or carrying out handiwork • listening to music or the radio • thinking, staying alone • looking at the landscape, the shop windows, the people • eating, drinking, smoking • sleeping, drowsing • other (to specify)

27. Incidents during travel This trip was? • Without incident • With incident => If so: Which kind of incident was it? 3 answers • Broken down vehicle • Vehicle blocked in congestion • Train or subway stopped between two stations • Aggressive traveller with you and/or with someone else • Dangerous behaviour of driver • Little loss of control of vehicle • Imprudent behaviour of a pedestrian or a two-wheeler who hindered you • Missed connection causing a delay of more than 20 min • Other Specify …

28. How did you find this trip? (only one answer) Pleasant or rather pleasant Unpleasant or rather unpleasant Neither one nor the other Did you find this trip tiring? (only one answer) Yes, especially nervously Yes, especially physically Yes, both (nervously and physically) No, not tiring Which is the sentence that best fits this trip? (only one answer) The only important thing regarding this trip was to get from one place to another The activities carried out during this trip were important for me The feelings during this trip were important for me Pleasant, tiring, most important thing

29. Promenade purpose • One trip => those specific questions on the primary utility of travel • All trips => traditional question about purpose at destination • Including promenade without precise destination • Makes it possible to • Analyse pure recreational travel for all trips • Sketch the contours of travelling for its own sake for all transport modes.

30. Possible outcomes • The activity, incident, pleasantness and tiredness questions will describe circumstances that increase or decrease the utility of travel. • Crossing these questions with trip purposes, travel modes, or socio-demographics will help to answer such questions as • “What is the preferred travel mode?” or • “What category of trips makes the most useful (or pleasant) journeys?”

31. Conclusions • Opportunity of the French National Travel Surveys to include primary utility of travel • Questions about positive and negative circumstances during one trip will help understand the intrinsic drivers of mobility • Accurate count of trips undertaken for the sake of it, as the only purpose, as the main motivation, or as a secondary reason • Input data for travel demand models, relating to demand induced by better travel conditions

32. Thank you Targeted exploratory trials and large-scale mobility surveys Marco Diana, Cristina Pronello, Alessia Gaia, Maria Lapietra, Francis Papon marco.diana@polito.it – francis.papon@inrets.fr