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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. First Age of Empires. Section 1 The Egyptian and Nubian Empires. Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e. During the Middle kingdom periods… Trade with Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt 600 miles South, in Thebes A major kingdom developed, Nubia

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 First Age of Empires

  2. Section 1The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

  3. Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e. During the Middle kingdom periods… Trade with Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt 600 miles South, in Thebes A major kingdom developed, Nubia Nubian Kingdom of Kush traded with Egypt Setting the Stage

  4. Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt • Middle Kingdom prosperous • Weak pharaohs led country to fall to invaders. • Hyksos invade and rule Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C.

  5. Hebrews Migrate To Egypt • During Hyksos rule, Hebrews settled in Egypt • Two groups racially similar; Egyptians resented them being there

  6. Expulsion and Slavery • Around 1600 B.C., Egypt's power gets restored • Queen Ahhotep and Pharaoh Kamose helped drive out the Hyksos • Hebrews forced into slavery until the Exodus

  7. 1570-1075 B.C. New pharaohs set to build an empire…what is an empire? The New Kingdom of Egypt

  8. Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule • Declared self pharaoh because stepson was too young • Spent focus on trade rather than war

  9. Thutmose the Empire Builder • Stepson to Hatshepsut • Warlike ruler • Went into Palestine, Syria and Nubia • Egypt once again became a powerful empire

  10. The Egyptians and the Hittites • Taking over Syria and Palestine brought conflict with the Hittites • Large battle at Kadesh • Pharaoh, Ramses II, and Hittite king agreed to a treaty • (read pg 91)

  11. An Age of Builders Huge buildings erected Ramses II built elaborate temples

  12. Treasures buried at the Valley of the Kings near Thebes An Age of Builders Continued

  13. The Empire Declines • 1200 B.C. • Ramses died • All of the Mediterranean invaded

  14. Invasions by Land and Sea • Egyptian and Hittite kingdoms were attacked • “Sea Peoples” caused destruction • They were possibly the Philistines • Egyptians also attacked by Palestines and Libyans

  15. Egypt's’ Empire Fades • Egypt never recovered • Egypt broke into small kingdoms • Libyan’s pharaohs ruled Egypt but adopted their way of life • Nubians will do the same

  16. The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Egypt had controlled Nubia, and its kingdom Kush. • During Hyksos rule, Kush became more powerful.

  17. Kush, a Nubian kingdom, was a trading spot 1st Nubian kingdom, Kerma The People of Nubia

  18. Nubian Facts You do not need to write this! Nubian Transportation Royal Women in Nubia • To get boats past the cataracts, Nubians constructed slipways along the river banks-troughlike roads filled with mud. Logs embedded every 18 inches or so in the slippery substance rotated easily, allowing the Nubians to drag their boats around the cataracts • In Nubia, kings inherited their royal status through their mothers. One king listed seven generations of female ancestors to prove he was royal enough to rule. At Meroe, women sometimes ruled independently.

  19. Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture You do not need to write this! Temples and Pyramids Statues

  20. You do not need to write this! • Nubia was also called - Upper & Lower Nubia, Kush, Land of Kush, Te-Nehesy, Nubadae, Napata, or the Kingdom of Meroei.

  21. The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia • When Egypt controlled Kush, they had great cultural influence • Kush regained independence and they felt they should be in control of Egypt, not the Libyans

  22. Piankhi Captures the Egyptian throne • Kushite king, Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan dynasty • United Nile Valley • Short dynasty, taken over by the Assyrians

  23. The Golden Age of Meroe • After being defeated, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe • Meroe became a major trading center

  24. The Wealth of Kush • Differences between Egypt and Meroe • Meroe had rainfall • Meroe had abundant supplies of iron ore

  25. The Decline of Meroe • Meroe declined • Kingdom of Aksum dominated trade and defeated the Meroe • Assyria will come to dominate Egypt

  26. Who was in Control? Egypt (2x’s) Libya Assyrians (2x’s) Kush Aksum Hyksos Egypt Hyksos Egypt (broken into parts) Libya Kush (Piankhi) Assyrians Aksum takes over Meroi where the Kush went to Assyrians

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