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The Founding of Georgia

The Founding of Georgia. The 13 th and colony furthest south. THOUGHT QUESTION. WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?. PRISON REFORM. Unemployment severe in England people owed money - debts

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The Founding of Georgia

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  1. The Founding of Georgia The 13th and colony furthest south

  2. THOUGHT QUESTION • WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? • DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?

  3. PRISON REFORM • Unemployment severe in England • people owed money - debts • Debtors put in prison • horrible prison conditions

  4. James Oglethorpe Founder of Georgia Elected to Parliament at 25 Wealthy philanthropist Solve the problems of debtors in prison Got permission from King George II to make a colony in America for debtors to start a new life.

  5. Oglethorpe Reacts • James Oglethorpe wanted to help because • JO’s friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison

  6. Georgia Created By a charter- written permission from the King to settle land Oglethorpe and John Percival are given a charter to create Georgia named after King George II Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country. Charter signed June 20, 1732 Charter set up boundaries & Limited power of officials King George II & Charter

  7. Charter continued • Set up government • Listed the rights of settlers

  8. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment Georgia’s three purposes

  9. REASON # 2 • Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth • Plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes

  10. REASON # 3 • Defense – Buffer/protect South Carolina from attack by Spanish in Florida.

  11. Unofficial Purpose • Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England • Catholics not allowed- WHY?

  12. Georgia’s Boundaries Georgia is in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California). Boundaries: North:Savannah R South: Altamaha R E: Atlantic Ocean W: Pacific Ocean Geography

  13. Georgia as a Trustee Colony Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21) . Charter

  14. RULES FOR THE TRUSTEES Charter of 1732 made rules for trustees 1. not paid 2. could not own land 3. could not hold public office ” Charter

  15. HOW DID OGLETHORPE PLAN ON KEEPING GEORGIA A MODEL SOCIETY? • BAN ON SLAVERY • BANNED LIQUOR/RUM • LAWYERS NOT ALLOWED • LIMITED WHO COULD OWN LAND

  16. Exit/Review Questions • 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia? • 2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia? • 3. What is a buffer? • 4. What religious group could you not be apart of to live in Georgia? • 5. How far did the original western border of Georgia stretch to?

  17. Who would settle in Georgia? 35 families selected No debtors selected Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules WHO ACTUALLY CAME TO THE COLONY OF GEORGIA?

  18. Colonist’s Rules: • 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men) • 2. No slavery • 3. No rum and hard liquors • 4. Must defend the colony against all enemies. • 5. Obey all rules and regulations the Trustees set up.

  19. The First Colonists Sail to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (almost spelled Anne) February 12,1733 Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there When Colonists came to Georgia

  20. MARY MUSGROVE • 1 Of most important people in Ga. History- served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & Oglethorpe • Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post

  21. Tomochichi Georgia Day Chief of the Yamacraw Indians Welcomed Oglethorpe and English Allowed them to build town WHY?

  22. Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff? READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.

  23. Exit Questions • 1. What is a trustee? • 2. What kinds of people came to Georgia? • 3. Did any debtors sent to the colonies? • 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle? • 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement?

  24. Georgia’s First settlement Settlement named Savannah after the river. Laid out in a series of squares First planned city in America Georgia’s First Settlement

  25. Growing Pains Colonists complain about trustee regulations

  26. Disease and Hardship • Heat and disease hurt the colonists • Caught dysentery from the Savannah River • The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733) • first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships

  27. Recovery of the Colony • dig a well, stopping the dysentery • More colonists arrive to replace those that died • Very diverse: Germans, Italians, Swiss, and Jewish settlers By the end of the first year, over 50 houses and public buildings had been built

  28. Jimmy Does it Again • James Oglethorpe was an admired member of the colony • Lived in a tent until all other colonists were provided houses • Visited the sick colonists • Worked hard in the fields with the other people

  29. Oglethorpe in the Middle • James O was in a bind • When he enforced the rules, colonists complained • When he didn’t, the trustees complained • Had to play a balance game between the two

  30. Oglethorpe in the Middle • Colonists did not like that they could not own lots of land or that they could only pass the land to a male heir when they died. • The inheritance rules and the ban on slavery were eventually repealed: Colonists rejoiced

  31. Building Forts Need a buffer from France and Spain Build forts for protection: Ft. Frederica on St. Simons Island Spanish upset that English are in Georgia, may attack

  32. War with Spain 1739 Britain declared war on Spain Spring of 1740 Oglethorpe leads force to invade Florida

  33. Spanish were turned back Oglethorpe promoted to general 1743 Oglethorpe returned to England Got married Worked for Parliament

  34. Colony Declines People begin to leave Georgia and go back to England or other colonies 1750 slavery allowed 1752 British government takes over colony

  35. Exit Questions • 1. What were the three rules the trustees had for the colonists? • 2. Why did the trustees have such strict rules? • 3. What river was the was the first settlement of Georgia named after? • 4. What was allowed in 1750 that made people want to stay in Georgia?

  36. Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony 1752 GA becomes a royal colony 1754 Captain John Reynolds becomes Royal Governor: king’s representative and CEO of colony

  37. Colony Prospers Headright system Each family given 100 acres Extra 50 acres per family member, indentured servant or slave. Pay for surveying and recording

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