The Founding of Georgia

1. The Founding of Georgia The 13th and colony furthest south

2. THOUGHT QUESTION • WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? • DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES?

3. Parliament James Oglethorpe The national legislature of Great Britain (makes laws) Elected to Parliament at 25 Wealthy philanthropist (a person who helps others) Goal: Solve the problems of debtors in prison Got permission from King George II to make a colony in America for debtors to start a new life.

4. WHY WAS IT IMPORTANT TO CHANGE THE PRISON SYSTEM? Unemployment severe in England people owed money - debts Debtors put in prison horrible prison conditions, diseases PRISON REFORM

5. Why did Oglethorpe care about changing debtor’s prisons? James Oglethorpe wanted to help JO’s friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison Oglethorpe Reacts

6. Georgia Created By a charter- written permission from the King to settle land Oglethorpe and John Percival are given a charter to create Georgia (named after King George II) Charter signed June 20, 1732 Charter set up boundaries & Limited power of officials Charter

7. Georgia’s Boundaries Georgia is in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California). Boundaries: North:Savannah R South: Altamaha R E: Atlantic Ocean W: Pacific Ocean Geography

8. What is a Trustee? A person who runs things for someone else (King George II) without personally benefiting or gaining anything/act of charity Trustee

9. Georgia as a Trustee Colony Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21) . Charter

10. What did the Charter outline? Set up government Listed the rights of settlers Trustees limited who could come to GA Banned slavery and alcohol Limited land ownership- WHY? Charter continued To Keep Georgia Pure and a Model Society, these rules were in place:

11. RULES FOR THE TRUSTEES Charter of 1732 made rules for trustees 1. not paid 2. could not own land 3. could not be elected to public office ”

12. Georgia’s three purposes/ reasons it was colonized: REASON # 1 Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment; give people a 2nd chance

13. REASON # 2 • Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth • Allow Britain to have the things they bought from other countries • Plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes

14. REASON # 3 • Defense – Buffer/protect South Carolina from attack by Spanish in Florida.

15. Unofficial Purpose • Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England • Catholics not allowed- WHY?

16. REVIEW Questions • 1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia? • 2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia? • 3. What is a buffer? • 4. What religious group could you not be apart of to live in Georgia? • 5. How far did the original western border of Georgia stretch to?

18. Who would settle in Georgia? Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people No debtors selected

19. WHEN DID THE FUTURE GEORGIA COLONISTS LEAVE ENGLAND? The First Colonists Sail to Georgia in Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne) When Colonists came to Georgia

20. WHAT RULES DID THE 35 FAMILIES WHO CAME TO GEORGIA HAVE TO FOLLOW: Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules: 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men) 2. No slavery 3. No rum and hard liquors No lawyers

21. WHEN DID THE COLONISTS ARRIVE IN GEORGIA ABOARD THE SHIP ANN? February 12,1733 Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- today called Georgia Day!

22. Who was Chief Tomochichi? Chief of the Yamacraw Indians who lived on Yamacraw Bluff Welcomed Oglethorpe and English Allowed them to build town WHY?

23. Translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi Georgia built colony near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post WHO WASMARY MUSGROVE?

24. What was Georgia’s First settlement? Settlement named Savannah after the river. Laid out in a series of squares First planned city in America & Georgia’s oldest/ first city Georgia’s First Settlement

25. REVIEW Questions • 1. What is a trustee? • 2. What kinds of people came to Georgia? • 3. Did any debtors sent to the colonies? • 4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle? • 5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement?

26. Growing Pains Colonists complain about trustee regulations

27. Disease and Hardship • Heat and disease hurt the colonists • Caught dysentery from the Savannah River • The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733) • first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships

28. Recovery of the Colony • dig a well, stopping the dysentery • More colonists arrive to replace those that died • Very diverse: Germans, Italians, Swiss, and Jewish settlers By the end of the first year, over 50 houses and public buildings had been built

29. Jimmy Does it Again • James Oglethorpe was an admired member of the colony • Lived in a tent until all other colonists were provided houses • Visited the sick colonists • Worked hard in the fields with the other people

30. Oglethorpe in the Middle • James O was in a bind • When he enforced the rules, colonists complained • When he didn’t, the trustees complained • Had to play a balance game between the two

31. Oglethorpe in the Middle • The inheritance rules and the ban on slavery were eventually repealed: Colonists rejoiced

32. Building Forts No more charity Need a buffer from France and Spain Build forts for protection Spanish upset that English are in Georgia

33. War with Spain 1739 Britain declared war on Spain Spring of 1740 Oglethorpe leads force to invade Florida

34. Spanish were turned back Oglethorpe promoted to general 1743 Oglethorpe returned to England Got married Worked for Parliament

35. Colony Declines People begin to leave Georgia and go back to England or other colonies 1750 slavery allowed 1752 British government takes over colony

36. Exit Questions • 1. What were the three rules the trustees had for the colonists? • 2. Why did the trustees have such strict rules? • 3. What river was the was the first settlement of Georgia named after? • 4. What was allowed in 1750 that made people want to stay in Georgia?

37. Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony 1752 GA becomes a royal colony 1754 Captain John Reynolds becomes Royal Governor: king’s representative and CEO of colony

38. Georgia Sets Up Self Government Upperhouse – advise governor Lowerhouse – Common House of Assembly – elect officers To vote you had to have: 1. 50 acres 2. white male To serve you had to 1. white male 2. 500 acres

39. 1758 royal Assembly made Anglican Church the official church of GA Colony in 8 parishes (religious districts) similar to today’s counties

40. French and Indian War 1754 Great Britain and France declare war. Spain joins France Frontier fighting brutal, scalping, and cruelty 1762 France and Spain ask for peace “Treaty of Paris” officially ends war France gave up Canada and Mississippi except New Orleans. Spain gives up Florida

41. The Proclamation of 1763 Four new colonies 1. Quebec (Canada) 2. Grenada (Caribbean) 3. East Florida 4. West Florida Georgia extended to Mississippi River

42. Colony Prospers Headright system Each family given 100 acres Extra 50 acres per family member, indentured servant or slave. Pay for surveying and recording

43. Settlers come to Georgia for free land. By 1766 Georgia has 10,000 white settlers 8,000 Africans By 1776 25,000 white settlers 25,000 Africans

44. Exit Questions • 1. How many houses were in the General Assembly? • 2. What group of people could not vote in Georgia Government? • 3. What three countries fought in the French and Indian War? • 4. Who receives the land in the Headright system? • 5. Why does the population of Africans go up?