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SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Functions of the Skeletal System. Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hemopo ie sis Storage of inorganic materials                     (salt, calcium, potassium….). ORGANIZATION. About 206 bones

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. Functions of the Skeletal System Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hemopoiesis Storage of inorganic materials                    (salt, calcium, potassium….)

  3. ORGANIZATION About 206 bones 2 Main Divisions – Axial & Appendicular

  4. Axial Skeleton Head, neck, trunk Skull Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage (ribs, 12 pairs) Sternum

  5. Hyoid Bone

  6. Appendicular Skeleton • Limbs & Bones that connect to the • Pectoral Girdle (shoulders) • Pelvic Girdle (hips)

  7. BONE STRUCTURE - Long Bone • Epiphysis • Diaphysis • Articular Cartilage • Periosteum

  8. Inside the Long Bone Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Red Marrow (blood) Yellow Marrow (fat) Endosteum – lining of the medullary

  9. Types of Bone Tissue Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

  10. Structure of a Long Bone Figure 6.3a-c

  11. * Assignment – Coloring of a Long Bone

  12. Review the Structure of a Long Bone Matching quiz at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/chap07matching01.html

  13. Microscopic Structure MATRIX - where the bone cells live OSTEOCYTES  - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE OSTEOCYTES form rings (LAMELLAE) around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels Osteocytes are linked by CANALICULI Haversian Canals are linked by VOLKMAN's CANALS

  14. Compact Bone BONE COLORING!

  15. Test Yourself Find the... Haversian Canal Volkman's Canal Lamellae Spongy Bone Compact Bone

  16. BONE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH • Intramembranous bones – flat, skull • Endochondral bones – all other ALL BONES START AS HYALINE CARTILAGE, areas graduallly turn to bone PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (shaft) SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (ends)

  17. Bone Development & Growth EPIPHYSEAL DISK  (growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis These areas increase bone length as the cells ossify

  18. RESORPTION OSTEOCLASTS - dissolve bone tissue to release minerals,  process is called RESORPTION

  19. Bone Growth

  20. Bone Growth * Assignment - Coloring of the Aging Hand

  21. Types of Joints (articulations) • Synarthrotic (not moveable, aka sutures) • Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable, vertebrae) • Diarthrotic (moveable joint, aka synovial joints)

  22. Synovial fluid - fluid within the joints that helps to lubricate Types of Joints 1.  Ball and Socket 2.  Hinge 3.  Pivot 4.  Saddle

  23. BONES OF THE SKULL 1. Frontal -2. Parietal - 3. Occipital -4. Temporal - 5. Sphenoid - 6. Maxilla - 7. Mandible - 8. Zygomatic -

  24. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL Foramen - refers to any tiny opening, nerves and blood vessels leave this opening to supply the face Mental Foramen

  25. Suture - refers to any connection between large bones (in fetal skulls, these are called fontanels) Fissure - any wide gap between bones

  26. Sutures 1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones4. Sagittal - between parietal bones

  27. Bones of the Skull & Sutures

  28. Foramen Magnum * Assignment: Skull Labeling

  29. Figure 6.10

  30. Figure 6.10

  31. The Rest of the Bones

  32. Vertebrae Neck = cervical Middle Back = thoracic Lower Back = lumbar

  33. Thoracic Cage

  34. Pectoral Girdle

  35. Bones of the Arm Ulna goes to pinky  (P-U) Radius goes to thumb

  36. Wrist Bones For test Carpels Metacarpals Phalanges *extra credit opportunity

  37. Name the carpals for extra credit on test.

  38. Pelvic Girdle

  39. Bones of the Leg

  40. Bones of the Ankle For Test Calcaneous Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Assignment – Skeleton Labeling

  41. Broken Bones

  42. Abnormal Bone Conditions BONE SPURS: abnormal growth. Can occur on any bone (e.g. heel). OSTEOPOROSIS: Increased activity of osteoclasts cause a break down of bone, and the subsequent fewer minerals in the extracellular matrix make it fragile. The spongy bone especially becomes more porous. Men get it as well as women. What’s the best way to prevent osteoporosis? Exercise! What does exercise do? Makes bones bigger. The most common bone used for a bone graft is the iliac bone of the hip.

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