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Playing with Polymers

Playing with Polymers. Monomer. Polymer. Polymer. A long chain of molecules of the same type Individual molecule is called a monomer The chain of molecules is the polymer . (poly – many). Natural Polymers. Cotton, silk, wool Natural rubber a hydrocarbon

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Playing with Polymers

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  1. Playing with Polymers

  2. Monomer Polymer Polymer • A long chain of molecules of the same type • Individual molecule is called a monomer • The chain of molecules is the polymer. (poly – many)

  3. Natural Polymers • Cotton, silk, wool • Natural rubber a hydrocarbon • Protein- essential ingredient in living matter and is made up of monomers called amino acids

  4. Natural Polymer - Cellulose

  5. Example: polyethylene Uses: garbage bags, sandwich bags, food containers Synthetic Polymers (Plastics) Product made mostly from petroleum - petrochemical Also consist of long chains of hydrocarbons

  6. Petroleum “black gold” “Texas tea” • 1. Crude oil - form of petroleum important as an energy source and use in making thousands of products. • 2. Nonrenewable resource, which means that it cannot be replaced once it is used up. • 3. Separated into useful parts by a process called fractional distillation and takes place in an oil refinery. • 4. Some Products of petroleum: Asphalt - Main material used for building roads.Fuel - Burns easily and release large amounts of energyWax - Used in furniture polish and as a coating for milk cartonsPlastics – from liquified petroleum gas

  7. Polymerization • Process of chemically bonding monomers to form polymers • Synthetic polymers - rubber, plastic wrap, and fabrics such as nylon, plastics • Plastics history http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=114331762

  8. Synthetic Rubber

  9. Resin Identification Codes#1 Polyethylene The repeating monomer is C2H4, a hydrocarbon. Containers for drinks, water, ketchup & salad dressing, peanut butter, pickles, jelly/jams and edible oils. • Ovenproof films and trays • Carpet fiber • Bottles

  10. #2 High Density Polyethylene • Milk, water, cosmetic, shampoo, dish and laundry detergents. • Yogurt & margarine tubs, cereal box liners, grocery, trash & retail shopping bags • Milk crates, totes, recycle bins, 90 gal garbage carts

  11. How are these related? • HDPE is also widely used in the fireworks community. HDPE is used as a replacement for cardboard mortar tubes for two primary reasons. 1. safety, because the tube will not shatter if it explodes 2. The plastic tubes are reuasable .

  12. And these?

  13. #3 Polyvinyl chloride • Polyvinyl chloride, PVC • Globally, over 50% of PVC manufactured is used in construction. • Cheap and easy to assemble. PVC has been replacing traditional building materials such as wood, concrete and clay in many areas. • Concerns about effects on environment and human health.

  14. #4 LDPE & #5 Polypropylene #4 LDPE Low Density Polyethylene • Dry cleaner bags, bread and frozen food bags, squeezable bottles like ketchup, • mustard, mayo and etc. Stretch wrap, shrink films # 5 PP Polypropylene • Ketchup bottles, yogurt and margarine tubs, medicine bottles, VCR jackets, • carpet fiber and carpet backing, yarn carriers / cones, tubes and spools

  15. What is a CD case like?

  16. #6 Polystyrene • Colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. • Can be transparent or can be made to take on various colors • Economical • model assembly kits, plastic cutlery, CD "jewel" cases, and many other objects • Styrofoam

  17. What about “other?” • # 7 plastic is usually a blend of different plastics that have been recycled

  18. Linear Polymers • Microwaveable food containers, Dacron carpets. • To make a model of a linear polymer, connect some paper clips together, end-to-end in a straight chain, like this: • Each paper clip represents a monomer, and the chain of paper clips is a model for a polymer. • In reality, the number of monomer units in a polymer commonly ranges from 1,000 to 10,000 or more

  19. Branched Polymers • Soft, flexible shampoo bottles and milk jugs are examples of products generally made using branched polymers. • LDPE (low-density polyethylene) • Difficult to crosslink because of branches

  20. Branched polymer • When a sample of the polymer polyethylene is magnified 15,000 times, you can see the branch-like fibers.

  21. Crosslinked Polymers • Car tires and bowling balls are two examples of products composed of cross-linked polymers. • HDPE

  22. Properties • Linear and Branched – thermoplastic • More elastic • More viscous • Crosslinked - thermoset • Less elastic with more crosslinks • More resistance to flow (less viscous)

  23. What is Slime? • This is a polymer made from white glue and sodium borate. • White glue is made with polyvinyl alcohol, or PVA, which is a plastic made from oil. Borax is a natural mineral mined from the earth, which is made of boron, sodium, oxygen, and water. It is used as a laundry agent and cleaning product. • When you add water to glue, the PVA starts to dissolve in the water. When you add the borax solution, it reacts with the PVA to crosslink. • This crosslinking causes the gunk to undergo an irreversible gel-like reaction and forms the substance we call Slime.

  24. Slime Tests • Description – How does your slime look like, feel, smell (waft), etc.? • Slime Rating – Rate it from 1 = not very slimy to 5 = very slimy • Slow Poke Test – Roll the slime into a ball and slowly poke your finger into the slime. What happens? Does your finger go into the goop? • Quick Poke Test – Roll the slime into a ball and quickly poke the slime with your finger. What happens? Does your finger go into the goop? • Slow Pull Test – Roll the slime into a ball and slowly pull on the ends. What happens? Write your observations on your worksheet. • Quick Pull Test - Roll the slime into a ball and slowly pull on the ends. What happens? Write your observations on your worksheet. • Blob Test – Grab a timer. Roll your slime into a ball and sit it on your plate or the table. How long does it take for it to flatten out? • Hang Test - Grab a timer and a ruler. Roll your slime into a ball and hold it at a height of 30 cm above the table. Time how long it takes for the goop to reach the table. • Bounce Test - Roll your slime into a ball and drop from a height of 30 cm above the table. What happens?

  25. polymers intro.ppt • http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/FYN/FYNPubs/TheDangersofPlasticBags.pdf

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