SOWG report

1. SOWG report Masahiro Teshima Chair of SOWG MPI for Physics, Munich

2. SOWG meeting • Kick off meeting on Nov 18, 19 in Rome • Discussion on Physics • Structure of document is defined • Defined responsibility of each person on editing • 2nd meeting on May 2,3 in Paris • Discussion on Physics by EUSO • Defined editorial board to make document more homogeneous and organic • T.Weiler, G.Sigl, P.Blasi, M.Teshima, P.Lipari, A.Santangelo, A.Petrolini, O.Catalano • Formation of neutrino sub-group to fix the neutrino aperture • P.Lipari, S.Bottai, T.Weiler, D.Cline, D.Fargion

3. EUSO SOWG kick off meeting in Rome • Welcome and introduction to the EUSO SOWG -A.Santangelo • Status of the EUSO Mission and EUSO Consortium activities -L.Scarsi • Status of the EUSO Instrument -A.Petrolini • The Expected performances of EUSO -A.Petrolini/A.Santangelo • Science requirements and flow down to the subsystem capabilities summarized in the USA Phase-A Final -Y. Takahashi • EECRs, an overview of the Theoretical aspects -P.Blasi • EECRs, what we expect from next generation of experiments -M.Teshima • EE neutrinos, an overview -V. Berezinsky • Visibility, Signatures and Rates of Upward and Horizontal Tau Air-Showers by EUSO -D.Fargion • "Bottom-up versus Top-down scenarii" (part 1) -N.G. Sanchez • "Bottom-up versus Top-down scenarii" (part 2) -H.J. de Vega • Propagation of EECrs in realistic models of the local Large Scale Structure -V. Antonuccio • Aspects of fundamental Physics with EUSO -R. Aloisio • Election of the Chairperson of the EUSO-SOWG, organization of the work, sharing of duties and responsibilities

4. 2nd meeting in Paris • Purpose and Focus of the SOWG #2 -M. Teshima • Status of the EUSO Mission and EUSO Consortium activities -A. Santangelo • Status of the EUSO Instrument -A. Petrolini • Status of supporting experimental activities -P. Galeotti • The Expected performances of EUSO -O.Catalano/A.Petrolini • Science requirements and flow down to instrument requirements - A. Santangelo/Y.Takahashi • EUSO Acceptance and counting rates for CRs - E. Plagnol • Current status: an update in Observations and Theory -M. Teshima, G. Sigl • Origin: Bottom-up -P.Blasi • Origin: Top-down -G. Sigl • Bottom-up vs. Top-down origin -N.Sanchez/H. De Vega • The first traces of cosmic rays from GRBs? -P. Biermann • Propagation of EECRs -V. Berezinsky • Magnetic Fields in the Local Group: AMR simulations -V. Antonuccio • Test of fundamental physics with EUSO -R. Aloisio • UHECR: Astrophysics versus exotic physics -V. Berezinsky • EUSO Acceptance and counting rates for EE neutrinos -S. Bottai • EUS0 view of Horizontal – Upward Tau Air-Showers versus more common UHE Horizontal Air-Shower -D. Fargion • Science by EUSO (1) -Y. Takahashi • Science by EUSO (2) -M. Teshima

5. Summary • Cosmic Ray physics • Great achievement on Energy Spectrum and small / large scale Anisotropy measurement • Top down model  Bottom up model • Top down model is still alive in some parameter space  Berezinsky, Sigl • Top down is dead  Sanchez, DeVega • EUSO Neutrino Aperture (skimming tau neutrino) • Confusion ~1000 difference  E.Plagnol

6. Chapters1,2,3 • 1. Introduction [Sigl, Blasi, Teshima] (3 pages) • General overview of EECR and EE-neutrino physics • 2. Current status of EECR (10pages) • 2.1 Observation [Teshima, Takahashi, Lipari] • Spectrum, small scale and large scale Anisotropy, and • Chemical Composition • 2.2 Theories [Sigl, Weiler, Berezinsky] • 2.3 etc. • 3. Instrumentation [Petrolini, Takahashi, Santangelo, Teshima,] (10pages) • 3.1 EUSO detector specification • 3.2 EUSO performance (Aperture, resolutions, etc.) • 3.3 Other experiments, Auger, TA, HiRes and AGASA • 3.4 Experiments in nearby field, UHE neutrino and VHE gamma ray • 3.5 Other topics

7. Chapters 4,5,6 • 4. Origin of EECR (Bottom up) [Blasi, De Vega, Sanchez, Berezinsky] (10pages) • 4.1 Acceleration mechanism • Diffusive shock, Plasma wakefield and etc. • 4.2 Source candidates, AGNs, GRBs, Colliding Galaxies, • Cluster of Galaxies, Neutron Stars and etc • 4.3 other topics • 5. Origin of EECR (Top down) [Sigl, Weiler, Fargion] (10pages) • 5.1 Topological defects • 5.2 Super heavy relics • 5.3 Z-burst • 5.4 Susy particles • 5.4 Other topics • 6. Propagation of EECR [Berezinsky, Sigl, Stecker, Antonuccio] (7 pages) • 6.1 GZK mechanism • Proton, Nuclei, and gamma rays • 6.2 Galactic and Extragalactic Magnetic Field • 6.3 Other topics

8. Chapter 7,8,9 • 7. Test of fundamental physics [Aloisio , Weiler ] (7pages) • 7.1 Lorenz invariance • 7.2 Quantum gravity • 7.3 Extra Dimension • 7.4 Other topics • 8. EE Neutrino Physics [Berezinsky, Fargion, Weiler, Sigl, Lipari] (10pages) • 8.1 GZK EE Neutrinos • 8.2 EE Neutrinos from Astronomical objects • 8.3 EE Neutrinos from fundamental process(Top down) • 8.4 Fundamental physics related with EE neutrinos • 8.5 Other topics • 9. Sciences by EUSO (Part 1) [Teshima, Takahashi, Lipari, Santangelo] (Baseline; Minimum issue) (15pages) • 9.1 EUSO as a detector of EECR, • Sensitivity to GZK spectrum/extended spectrum • Sensitivity to small scale anisotropy • Sensitivity to large scale anisotropy • Sensitivity to the Chemical compositions • 9.2 EUSO as a detector of EE-Gamma ray • Sensitivity to Primary gamma rays from various models • 9.3 EUSO as a detector of EE-Neutrino • Sensitivities to EE-Neutrinos from various models • 9.4 Other topics

9. Chapter 10,11 • 10. Sciences by EUSO (Part 2) [Takahashi, Sigl, Fargion, Blasi, Lipari] (Possibilities; Maximum outcomes) (15pages) • 10.1 Relic neutrino detection (Z-burst) • 10.2 Tau neutrino identification • 10.3 Upward UHE neutrino detection • 10.4 Multiple upward tau neutrino detection • 10.5 EECR and EE-neutrino burst detection • 10.6 Global GRB detection • 10.7 Neutrino cross section • 10.8 Test for Lorenz Invariance and Quatum Gravity • 10.9 Test for Extra-Dimension • 10.10 Other topics • 11.Conclusion [Santangelo, Sigl, Ferrigno, Takahashi, Teshima] (5pages) • 11.1 Originality • 11.2 Competition with other projects • 11.3 Urgency and Necessity of EUSO • 11.4 Others