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EOC Review

EOC Review. BIOLOGY. Ecology. Unit 1. Bio.2.1.1 Summarize the nitrogen cycle (including the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria) and its importance to synthesis of proteins and DNA. Bio.2.1.1 Identify factors that influence climate.

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EOC Review

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  1. EOC Review BIOLOGY

  2. Ecology Unit 1

  3. Bio.2.1.1Summarize the nitrogen cycle (including the role of nitrogen fixing bacteria) and its importance to synthesis of proteins and DNA.

  4. Bio.2.1.1Identify factors that influence climate The Greenhouse effect and the Carbon Cycle are both naturally occurring Humans add carbon into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, thus adding carbon to the cycle This extra carbon amplifies the greenhouse effect, causing the Earth to heat up. This is called Global Warming, or Global Climate Change Natural environmental processes Volcanic Eruptions add phosphates and airborne particles to the atmosphere, blocking radiation. This cools the Earth.

  5. Bio.2.1.1Analyze energy pyramids for direction and efficiency of energy transfer.

  6. Bio 2.1.2Analyze how various organisms accomplish life functions through adaptations within particular environments (example: water or land) to ensure survival and reproductive success.

  7. Bio 2.1.2Relate prior understanding of survival and reproductive success to evidence of variations observed in species in three areas: behavioral adaptations, structural adaptations and reproductive adaptations • Behavioral adaptations • suckling, taxes/taxis, migration, estivation, hibernation, habituation, imprinting, classicalconditional, and trial and error learning • Structural adaptations • nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion mechanisms, camouflage, movement • reproductive adaptations • sexual versus asexual, eggs, seeds, spores, placental, types of fertilization.

  8. Bio 2.1.3Identify and describe symbiotic relationships • Symbiotic relationships • Mutualism • Parasitism • Commensalism • Communication and Territorial Defense • Pheromones • Predator/Prey Relationships • Courtship dances • Territorial defense Competition • Relationships • To maintain stability

  9. 2.1.4 Population Dynamics • Carrying Capacity and its causes • Exponential vs Logistic Growth • Population Growth Graphs • Human Population Growth Graph • Birth and Death Rates • Disease and Ecosystem Balance

  10. Bio.2.2.1Human impact How humans modify ecosystems Population Growth Technology Consumption of Resources Production of Waste Factors that impact NC Ecosystems Acid Rain in Mountains Beach Erosion Urban Development Waste Lagoons on Hog Farms Invasive Species (Kudzu)

  11. Bio.2.2.2Human Impact Human impact on Natural Resources Resource depletion Deforestation Pesticide Use Bioaccumulation Conservation Methods and Stewardship

  12. What is the function of autotrophs in the carbon cycle? To use oxygen to produce glucose To take in excess water To use carbon dioxide to produce glucose To feed on herbivores

  13. Two different populations of birds live in the same area and eat the same types of food. Which most likely describes the relationship between these two populations of birds? Competition Mutualism Parasitism Predator-prey

  14. What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates? There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations. There will be an increase of nitrogen levels in the atmosphere. There will be a decrease in water pollution. There will be an increase in the number of strong hurricanes.

  15. A sea turtle has washed up on a remote section of a beach. This is known as a “stranding.” Stranding occurs when a dead, sick or injured sea turtle washes up on the shoreline. Which statement best explains why “stranding” should be reported immediately to local authorities? The information can be very useful to biologists and managers who are trying to protect the species The information can be very useful to protect sea turtles from predators The information can be very useful to local fisherman who try to catch fish that sea turtles eat The information can be very useful to tourist who may want to keep sea turtles as pets

  16. The males of a bird species do a “dance” and “sing a song” each spring. What is the main purpose of these behaviors? To scare off young birds To imprint young birds To clean their feathers To attract female birds

  17. The yucca plant releases a strong scent at night when the yucca moth is active. The yucca moth, attracted by the scent, gathers pollen from the yucca flower. The yucca moth then deposits her eggs and the pollen on another plant. This ensures that the plant will be cross-pollinated and that the yucca moth larvae have a steady food supply. Which relationship does this best illustrate? Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Predation

  18. Which environmental concern is most associated with burning fossil fuels? global climate change pollution of ocean waters ozone layer destruction decrease in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide

  19. At night, moths travel toward light. Which type of behavior does this describe? habituation imprinting innate behavior learned behavior

  20. A field ecologist wants to determine the interactions of various populations of organisms living in a large grassland field. Which method is best for conducting this study? consulting with local farmers about the diversity of organisms in the field dividing the field in half, walking over it, counting organisms, and then doubling the numbers walking over the entire field, collecting the organisms, and then compiling a total observing the behaviors of different types of organisms several times during the year

  21. Which environmental factor would cause the greatest decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States? increase in dissolved oxygen levels global warming ozone destruction acid rain

  22. If worldwide deforestation is not regulated, what could most likely result? Acid rain could lower the pH of rivers and lakes to dangerous levels for aquatic life. CO2 levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems. Plants and animals could become better adapted to living in desert conditions. Future generations of humans could have an excess of wood and paper products.

  23. Bellringer-5/26/15 Label the parts of the cell with the correct name. Is this a plant or animal cell?

  24. Cells Unit 2 Bio.1.1.1 Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell. Bio.1.1.2 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and degree of complexity. Bio.1.1.3 Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. Bio.1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments (focus on unicellular organisms).

  25. Bio.1.1.2 Infer that prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells= Simple Cells (ex. Bacteria) Eukaryotic cells= complex cells (ex. Animal and plant cells)

  26. Bio.1.1.2 Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  27. Bio.1.1.1 Identify these cell organelles in diagrams of plant and animal cells. Nucleus Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Mitochondria Vacuole Chloroplast Ribosome

  28. Bio.1.1.1 Identify these cell organelles in diagrams of plant and animal cells. Nucleus- control center; DNA found here Plasma Membrane-controls what goes in and out Mitochondria- provides energy through ATP during respiration

  29. Bio.1.1.1 Identify these cell organelles in diagrams of plant and animal cells. Ribosomes- where proteins are made Vacuole-storage of water/food; 1 large in plants, many small in animal cells

  30. Bio.1.1.1 Identify these cell organelles in diagrams of plant and animal cells. PLANTS ONLY: Cell Wall: Shapes and protects plant cell Chloroplast: converts sunlight to food during photosynthesis

  31. Bio.1.1.1 Explain how the structure of the organelle determines it function. The structure of different organelles is built for function Example: Mitochondria has folded inner membrane for more surface area to create energy during respiration Example: Cell Membrane has double membrane structure to control what goes in and out of cell Example: Green chlorophyll inside chloroplasts capture energy for photosynthesis

  32. Bio.1.1.1 Summarize how these organelles interact to carry out functions such as energy production and use, transport of molecules, disposal of waste, and synthesis of new molecules. The organelles work together to carry out the processes of the cell-if one organelle does not function, the cell cannot function Example: DNA codes for proteins proteins are made on ribosomes  proteins used as enzymes for energy production at mitochondria Hypothesize: What would happen if cell was missing…mitochondria? Cell membrane? Nucleus?

  33. Bio.1.1.2 Proficiently use proper light microscopic techniques as well as determine total power magnification. Total power magnification = multiply power of objective lens (4x, 10x, or 40x) by the power of eyepiece (10x) Light microscopes Used to observe cells up close Scanning and electron transmission microscopes give even greater detail

  34. Bio.1.1.3 Compare a variety of specialized cells and understand how the functions of these cells vary. Cells are specialized within the body to perform different functions Examples: Blood cells, skin cells, sperm cells…

  35. Bio.1.2.3 Explain how various structures of unicellular organisms help that organism survive. Emphasis is on contractile vacuoles, cilia, flagella, pseudopods, and eyespots. Unicellular organisms (1 cell) have special adaptations to survive Eyespot: Dark area for light reception Contractile Vacuole: Stores water, contracts, expels it back out Cilia-small, hairlike projections used for movement Flagella-long whip-like tail for movement Pseudopods- “false feet” used for movement

  36. Bio.1.2.3 Summarize adaptive behaviors – examples include chemotaxis and phototaxis. Chemotaxis- Movement in response to chemicals in environment Phototaxis- Movement in response to light Positive-toward light Negative- away from light

  37. What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell? • It will be unable to carry out respiration. • It will lose water through osmosis. • It will break down the ribosomes in the cell. • It will be unable to photosynthesize.

  38. Identify each structure in the diagram below.

  39. This diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

  40. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? • Both contain a nucleus. • Both contain ribosomes. • Both contain membrane-bound organelles. • Both contain cell walls.

  41. These diagrams represent a Euglena and a Paramecium. What function do structures X and Y have in common? • Digestion • Gathering food • Movement • Reproduction

  42. What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg? • differentiation • natural selection • selective breeding • genetic engineering

  43. Bellringer-5/27/15 • What organelles are responsible for the following? • Letting things in and out of the cell? • Storing water? • Controlling the functions of the cell? • Making proteins? • Creating ATP through respiration? • Creating glucose through sunlight?

  44. Cell Membranes Unit 2 Bio.1.2.1: Explain how homeostasis is maintained in a cell and within an organism in various environments (including temperature and pH) Bio.4.1.1: Explain the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms Bio.4.2.2: Explain ways that organisms use released energy for maintaining homeostasis

  45. Bio.1.2.1Explain how cells use buffers to regulate cell pH Blood pH: 7.4 Foods and CO2 alter blood pH Buffer (Bicarbonate in blood) help release/absorb hydrogen ions to regulate pH

  46. Bio.1.2.1Explain how cells respond to maintain temperature

  47. Bio.1.2.1Explain how cells respond to maintain glucose levels

  48. Bio.1.2.1Explain how cells respond to maintain water levels

  49. Bio.1.2.1Compare the mechanisms of active vs passive transport (diffusion and osmosis)

  50. Bio.1.2.1Explain how the plasma membrane structure functions • Fluid Mosaic Model • Phospholipid Bilayer • Carbohydrate Markers • Cholesterol • Integral or Transmembrane Proteins

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