A presentation on hazard risk management in India

1. National Disaster Management Division Ministry of Home Affairs Govt of India A presentation on hazard risk management in India By Saroj Kumar Jha Director (Disaster Management) India Original presentation is modified for Internet use.

2. Hazard Vulnerability in India • 60% of land mass prone to earthquakes( 300 million hec with 555 million people) • 40 million hectares (8%) of landmass prone to floods • 8000 Km long coastline with two cyclone seasons • Drought – low and medium rainfall region which constitute 68% of the total area • vulnerable to drought • Hilly regions vulnerable to avalanches/landslides/Hailstorms/cloudbursts • Different types of manmade Hazards • 1 million houses damaged annually + human, economic, social, other losses

3. Successive Disasters in Orissa –The Supercyclone Successive Disasters in Orissa –The Supercyclone The twin cyclones: • GANJAM, GAJAPATI: Oct 17-19, 1999. Wind Speed :180 km/h; Rainfall: 452 mm in 36 Hours • 14 COASTAL DISTS: Oct 29-30, 1999. Wind Speed: 300 km/h; Rainfall 960 mm in 3 Days The twin cyclones: • GANJAM, GAJAPATI: Oct 17-19, 1999. Wind Speed :180 km/h; Rainfall: 452 mm in 36 Hours • 14 COASTAL DISTS: Oct 29-30, 1999. Wind Speed: 300 km/h; Rainfall 960 mm in 3 Days • No. of Districts affected: 24 • No. of Blocks affected: 219 • No. of GP affected: 2,757 • No. of villages affected: 18,790 IMPACT • 8,495 Lives lost., 2 million Houses & 23,000 Schools damaged ,450,000 cattle dead • 1.8 m ha. paddy and 33,000 ha. of non-paddy land affected • Loss of 90 million trees • Power supply disrupted in 19,062 villages • All means of communication paralyzed for few days IMPACT • 8,495 Lives lost., 2 million Houses & 23,000 Schools damaged ,450,000 cattle dead • 1.8 m ha. paddy and 33,000 ha. of non-paddy land affected • Loss of 90 million trees • Power supply disrupted in 19,062 villages • All means of communication paralyzed for few days

4. National Roadmap • Change in orientation from the earlier focus on response and relief to mitigation, prevention and preparedness. • A National Roadmap for Disaster Management drawn up-covers • institutional mechanisms, • mitigation/ prevention measures, • legal/policy framework, • preparedness and response, • early warning systems, • human resource development and capacity building.

5. Policy and Legal Framework • Primary objective is to mainstream disaster risk reduction into development process. • A National Policy on Disaster Mitigation and Prevention • Provinces/States also have DM policies in place.

6. Legal Framework • Disaster management is the primary responsibility of the States/Provinces • States advised to adopt Disaster Management Acts • Relief Codes being changed into Disaster Management Codes by including aspects of prevention, reduction and preparedness. States have set up committees for the purpose. Model code being prepared at the Central level for circulation.

7. Institutional mechanisms • A National Emergency Management Agency [NEMA] being set up at the national level and State EMAs in all States • Departments of Relief and Rehabilitation in States to be converted into Departments of Disaster Management with wider Terms of Reference to include mitigation and vulnerability reduction.

8. Financing • Terms of Reference of the Twelfth Finance Commission changed to mandate that the Finance Commission looks at the entire disaster management cycle and not only relief and rehabilitation • creation of Disaster Mitigation Fund of 2500 million USD • Planning Commission has included a specific chapter on Disaster Management in the Tenth Five Year Plan document with emphasis on pre-disaster aspects. • States advised to draw up plan schemes for Disaster Management and include them in State Plans.

9. National Core Groups for Hazard Risk Management • Earthquake Risk Mitigation • Cyclone Risk Mitigation • Landslide Risk Mitigation • National Seismic Micro-zonation Programme • National Decision Support Center [using space inputs] • National Retrofitting Policy/Programme[300 million USD] • National Committee for Building Safety • National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project[300 million USD] • National Fire and Emergency Response Service

10. Techno-legal regime and Capacity building for its compliance • Awareness generation meetings/workshops/visits to educational institutions • National Programme for Capacity Building in Earthquake Risk Mitigation for training of 10,000 engineers— • Approved and under implementation • 11 National Resource Institutions (NRIs) identified • State Resource Institutions and Faculty Members being nominated by the State Govts for their training at NRIs • National Programme for Capacity Building of Architects in earthquake risk management- assistance to States to train 10,000 architects –project under implementation • National Programme for Capacity Building of Masons in Earthquake Risk Mitigation—assistance to States to train 50,000 masons --project to start soon

11. Human Resource Development • Training in disaster management will be an integral component of all induction and refresher training programmes • National HRD Plan for DM • National Institute of Disaster Management [NIDM] established for accelerating human resource development in disaster management • Training in disaster management • Research and documentation • NDM Cells established in 29 State ATIs/SIRDs • Disaster Management made an essential component of initial training for All India Services/Civil Services • Disaster mitigation technologies included in undergraduate engineering and architecture courses • Emergency health management a part of medical education • Disaster management in school education [Class V-X]-training of teachers initiated on a large scale

12. India Disaster Resource Network • India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) -Establishment of web-enabled, centralised database for quick access to resources to minimize response time in emergencies [for the disaster managers at district /State / National level] - inaugurated on 1st September 2003. • 65,901 records in 604 districts of 33 States/UTs uploaded. • Quarterly update of the inventory-tracking facility installed in MHA

13. Communications • National DM Communication Plan prepared with triple redundancy for nearly 100% reliability • Phase-I to provide Satellite-based mobile voice /data /video communication between National EOC, State EOC, mobile EOC and remote disaster/ emergency sites under implementation-to be ready by August 2004 • Phase-II to connect National EOC/State EOCs/District EOCs with Disaster/emergency sites by March 2006

14. For details please visit www.ndmindia.nic.in