Construction Studies

2. Construction Studies An introduction to Building Energy Rating

3. Building Energy Rating • Building Energy Rating (BER) grades the energy efficiency of a building A Dwelling with a high rating will save the owner/ occupier money in energy costs.

4. Important dates for the BER BER required for: • New dwellings that apply for planning permission on/after 1st. January 2007. • All existing buildings offered for sale or rent from 1st. January 2009.

5. Building standards & energy use Typical for Building Regs Part L 2005 Building Regulations 2007/08 Primary Energy kWh/ m2 per year Low/ Zero Carbon Irish construction standard/year

6. Main factors effecting BER • Thermal insulation of the building envelope. • Heat gains through glazed openings. • Ventilation and air permeability. • Domestic hot water system and control. • Space heating control and energy required. • Lighting and internal heat gains.

7. What does BER measure? • The BER measures energy use per square meter (floor area) of the dwelling per year. • Measurement Unit • kWh/m2/yr 1 kWh of electricity costs 18 cent Kilo watt / hour

8. Energy Labelling Domestic Appliances Energy labelling informs the consumer of costs.

9. What is Building Energy Rating? BER rating • Calculated using DEAP software. • DEAP – Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure BER scale (kWh/m2/yr)A1,A2,A3,B1,B2,B3 etc. CO2 indicator (kg/m2/yr)

10. Building Energy Rating (BER) Label FULL BAND • Each full band is 75 kWh/m2/yand is indicated by a change of colour on the label. • Each small band is indicated by a change in the grade. Example: • A1 to A2 to A3

11. Energy Costs and BER Cost comparasions based on average energy costs for 2007 in a 250m2 dwelling

12. Current Building Regulations • A dwelling built to the 2007/08 building regulations should achieve a: • B or C rating

13. Building Energy Rating (BER) ? • No obligatory minimum standard applies. • BER must be produced by a registered BER Assessor. • BER is valid for 10 years unless changes are made to the building. • The BER is independant of how the occupants behave in the building. • An advisory report must accompany a BER certificate

14. Accompanying Advisory Report • New build: To advise owners on how touse the features in the building to maximise energy efficiency • Existing buildings: To advise owners on theoptions forupgrading of building to maximise its energy efficiency

15. Calculating the BER DEAP Computer Software Download from: http://www.sei.ie/index.asp?docID=1073

16. Energy used for light Wall Heat Loss Dwelling Reference Heat gains and losses through windows Domestic Hot Water Details Ventilation Construction type Living Area Heated to 21° Roof Heat Loss Heat loss through thermal bridges Door heat loss Central Heating Details Floor Heat Loss Information required for DEAP 45 individual inputs are needed to do aBER assessment on a dwelling on DEAP

17. Information required for DEAP 1. Dimensions: • The internal dimensions of the building envelope. • New dwellings can be measured from the plans. • Existing buildings may need to be surveyed.

18. Number of chimneys/flues Number of fans and vents Number of sheltered sides Presence of a draught lobby or porch. Method of ventilation: Natural or Mechanical Information required for DEAP 2. Ventilation Details

19. Information required for DEAP 3. Air Permeability • Sealing of the building envelope. • Blower door testing required on new dwellings. • Required to be 10 m3/(h.m2) for new dwellings @ 50 pa.

20. Door & Window U-Values • Floor U-Value Ceiling/Roof U-Value Information required for DEAP • Wall U-Value 4. Building elements (fabric heat losses) • Thermal bridging factor typical 0.11 W/m2K

21. Glazed area sizes. • Orientation. • Glazed unit U-Values • - Glazing • - Frame • Solar transmittance. Information required for DEAP 5. Glazed area heat losses and gains

22. Information required for DEAP 6. Details of the hot water system Instant or storage system. Level of Insulation on storage cylinder Insulation on pipe work. Temperature and time controls.

23. Information required for DEAP 7. Boiler and space heating details Boiler efficiency % Fuel used Heating controls Radiator’s or under floor heating

24. Information required for DEAP Insulation on pipe work. Temperature and time controls. Weather compensation controls. 7. Boiler and space heating details contd.

25. Solar Water heating • Geothermal energy • Wind power Information required for DEAP 8. Renewable energy used, e.g. • Solar photovoltaic

26. Information required for DEAP 9. Lighting provision in the dwelling. • The percentage of energy efficient light fittings in the dwelling.

27. The total volume. • The living area %. Information required for DEAP 10. Net space heat demand. • The heating requirements for the dwelling will depend on: Living area is assumed to be heated to 21oC and the rest of the dwelling heated to18oC.

28. Thermally light construction e.g. timber frame • Thermally massive construction. e.g. • concrete block with hollowcore. Information required for DEAP 11. Thermal mass category of the buildingranging from:

29. Energy rating worked example • Download the DEAP software from: http://www.sei.ie/index.asp?docID=1073 • Install the software as per instructions. • Use the software to do a sample rating on the sample dwelling using the data supplied. • Vary the inputs to improve the rating.