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Settling the South

Settling the South. Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Pages 252-259. Objectives. Describe the location & physical setting of the Southern Colonies. Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded. Discuss how slavery affected the Southern Colonies. Vocabulary. Constitution – written plan of government

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Settling the South

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  1. Settling the South Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Pages 252-259

  2. Objectives • Describe the location & physical setting of the Southern Colonies. • Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded. • Discuss how slavery affected the Southern Colonies.

  3. Vocabulary • Constitution – written plan of government • Debtors – people who had been put in prison for owing money • Backcountry – the land between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains

  4. The Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia

  5. Maryland • Founded by: The Calverts, rich English landowners • Why: $$$ and REFUGE for Catholics • When: 1633 • Owner: George Calvert (died before King gave charter), so Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore • 1633 – 1st group arrives • Most are indentured servants • Potomac River • 1st settlement – St. Mary’s City

  6. What were the reasons for founding the Maryland Colony? To make money To serve as a refuge for Catholics

  7. Farming in Maryland • Tobacco • Some large plantations • Indentured Servants • Given land (by government) • Clothes • Tools • Barrels of corn

  8. Government in Maryland • Had governors and assembly • Calverts controlled proprietary colony • 1649 – Toleration Act Passed – religious freedom to all Christians in Colony • 1702 – Anclican Church become colony’s official church

  9. Virginia • 1607 – Jamestown • Royal Colony (King Controlled) • Tobacco main crop • House of Burgesses

  10. Virginia Maryland • Royal Colony • Tobacco – CASH Crop • Mild Climate • Fertile Soil • On Chesapeake • Governor & Assembly • Proprietary Colony • Tobacco • Settled for $$ and Catholics • Mild Climate • Fertile Soil • On Potomac River • Governor & Assembly Feature Comparison

  11. What features did Maryland & Virginia share? Chesapeake Bay & Potomac River Mild Climate Tobacco farming Similar Governments

  12. Why were Maryland and Virginia suited to growing tobacco? Mild Climate Fertile Soil along Coastal Plain

  13. Carolina Colonies • When: 1663 • King Charles II – granted land • Who: divided among 8 English leaders called Lords Proprietors • Why: Virginia & Maryland crowded - moved south for land • 1669 – Constitution • Hard to govern – large; colonists disobeyed laws

  14. North Carolina South Carolina • Crops: Corn & Tobacco • Couldn’t grow tobacco • Land to wet • Enslaved Africans – RICE • RICE becomes cash crops • Africans make up most of the population Split in 1712Comparison

  15. Why was Carolina Colony hard to govern? Large Colonist ignored laws they didn’t like

  16. What role did enslaved Africans play in the South Carolina colony? They knew how to grow rice, which becomes their cash crop.

  17. Georgia • When: 1733 • Who: James Oglethorpe • Why: to send debtors • Savannah – 1st settlement • Named after King George II • Reason: England, France, & Spain all claimed land south of SC • King wanted to send people to protect & gain control of area

  18. Slavery in Georgia • Leaders limited size of farms • Did not allow slavery • NO plantations • 1751 – leaders decided to allow slavery • In turn, Plantations grew • Economy of Georgia grew due to: • Plantations • Slaves

  19. Why did James Olgethorpe found Georgia Colony? To defend England’s claim to the Southern Colonies And To give debtors a new start

  20. What happened in Georgia once slavery was allowed? Georgia’s economy grew and depended on Plantations & Slaves

  21. Heading WEST • Most settled along Atlantic Coast (Coastal Plain) • Few in Piedmont (land between Coastal Plain and Appalachians) – AKA Backcountry

  22. Great Wagon Road • Mid-1700’s • Hard travel: thick forests, steep hills, few roads • PA – Germans move to Backcountry of VA & Carolinas • Native American Trail large enough for wagons • Passed Shenandoah Valley – eastern side of Blue Ridge Mountains

  23. The Great Wagon Road

  24. Why was it hard to reach the backcountry? Thick forests Steep hills Few roads

  25. How did the first settlers reach the backcountry? A Native American trail

  26. Conflicts with Native Americans • More colonists arrive = more conflict • TUSCARORA WAR - 1711 • In NC • German & Swiss destroy Tuscarora village • Native Americans then not treated fairly • Native Americans attack – goal scare off settlers • War ended 1713 • 950 Tuscarora had been killed, captured, or sold into slavery

  27. Conflicts Continued • Pushed off lands • Captured – sent to West Indies (Sugar) • Died Fighting • Died of diseases: smallpox & measles • Forced to move West to unclaimed land

  28. What effect did settlers have on Native Americans in the Southern Colonies? Many were killed or captured Others moved west

  29. Who founded the Maryland Colony for Catholics? Lord Baltimore

  30. What document allowed religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland? Toleration Act

  31. Describe the area included in the original colony of Carolina. From Virginia to Spanish Florida

  32. What colony did James Oglethorpe help found? Georgia

  33. What region does backcountry refer? The Piedmont

  34. Where did most enslaved Africans work in the Southern Colonies? On Plantations

  35. What was the cash crop for the northern area of the Southern Colonies? tobacco

  36. What was the cash crop grown in the southern areas of South Carolina? Rice

  37. What caused conflict between Southern Colonies & Native Americans? Land Destroyed villages Native Americans not treated justly Captured, Sold, or Killed Many died of disease

  38. The End

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